Unit 2 The United Kingdom教案
IV 重點詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1.consist vi.由...組成, 在于, 一致
consist of=be made up of 由…組成;由…構(gòu)成
[典例]
1)Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物質(zhì)是由叫做分子的微粒組成的。
2)True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。
[練習]翻譯:
1) 這支球隊由12人組成。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 這位藝術(shù)家的風格上的美在于它的簡樸。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2.clarify v.澄清, 闡明
[典例]
1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 請你澄清第一個要點，好嗎?
---I don’t understand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。
2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的腦子突然清醒過來。
[練習] 翻譯句子
1)她寫信詳細說明她的意圖.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)澄清某人的立場
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position
3.convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具
[典例]
1) We bought this house for its convenience．我們買下這所房子是為了方便。
2) Please come at your convenience．請在你方便的時候來。
3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
這幢新造的公寓大樓裝有煤氣等現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備。
[重點用法]
inconvenience n． 不方便
convenient adj． 便利的，適宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的時候
for one's convenience(of)為了某人的方便
for convenience's sake為了方便起見
make a convenience of …利用
[練習]翻譯句子
1) 如果方便就來看看我。
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2) 你方便明天開始工作嗎?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
4.influence n.& vt.影響, 感化, 勢力, 有影響的人(或事)
[典例]
1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要這么做？
2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your own decision.別被他影響了你，你該有你自己的決定。
[重點用法]
have influence on/with…對……產(chǎn)生影響
under the influence of 在......的影響下
[練習]翻譯句子
1）父母親的行為總會給孩子帶來影響。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2）在議會的影響下，總統(tǒng)改變了主意。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.
5.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,
[典例]
1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．
請注意，這種車票僅在發(fā)售當天有效
2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid.
這些衣服恐怕沒有你的尺寸。
[重點用法]
反義詞：unavailable
[考例]單項填空
We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s performance.
A. available B. spare C. convenient D. affordable
【解析】 根據(jù)句意“我們很遺憾地通知你星期五的演出票沒有了”�？芍猘vailable “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定語。答案：A。
[練習]翻譯句子
1) 這里沒有這本書。
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2)在擁擠的地方,沒有車位可用。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.
6.arrange v.安排, 排列, 協(xié)商
[典例]
1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.
家長要這個小孩把鞋放成整齊的一排
2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一個門當戶對的女孩。
[重點用法]
arrange for安排, 準備
arrange with sb. about sth.與某人商定某事
[練習]翻譯句子
1)你得在會議開始前把書架上的書整理好。
2）他們在秘密地為一場盛大婚禮做準備
Keys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.
7. delight n.快樂, 高興, 喜悅v. (使)高興, (使)欣喜
[典例]
1)Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old days.有時一部舊片仍能給懷念舊時光的人們帶來喜悅。
2)The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 電影《喜羊羊與灰太郎》使千萬小朋友獲得樂趣。
[重點用法]
take/find/have delight in喜愛, 以...為樂
to sb.'s delight令人高興的是...
delight in 嗜好
[練習]翻譯句子
1)他的表演使觀眾感到滿意。
2)唱歌是她的主要愛好。
3)年輕人喜歡旅行。
Keys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels
V 重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料）
1.take the place of代替,取代
[典例]
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.將來天然氣會代替汽油成為主要的能源。
2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．
下周我將代替林老師。
[重點用法]
take place發(fā)生；舉行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在適當?shù)奈恢?br>out of place不得其所，不適當?shù)?br>in the first place首先
from place to place到處；各處
[練習] 選擇以上短語填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
2. break down損壞，跨，壓倒，分解
[經(jīng)典例句]
1) The bridge broke down．橋塌了。
2) The engine broke down．發(fā)動機壞了。
3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作過度而累垮了。
4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解為氫和氧。
5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一個化工廠的計劃失敗了，因為這將引起嚴重的污染。
[詞匯激活]
break away from擺脫，脫離
break in闖入；插話
break into闖入；破門而人；打斷(談話)
break off中止；折斷；打折
break out爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)生
break through突破；沖垮
break up分解；(使)結(jié)束;分開,分離
[練習]請?zhí)钊诉m當?shù)慕樵~或副詞：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman.
Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away
3. leave out省去,遺漏
[典例]
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．
你在這一句中遺漏了最重要的一個單詞。
2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．
當你邀請人們?nèi)⒓油頃䲡r，別把我漏掉了。
[重點用法]
leave for 動身到(某處)
leave alone不管;撇下…一個人
leave aside擱置
leave behind遺忘;遺留
[練習]請?zhí)钊诉m當?shù)慕樵~或副詞：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
VI 重點句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
沒有必要去爭論為什么要用不同的詞去描述這四個國家。
[解釋]There is no need to do沒有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫無疑問的
[練習]漢譯英
1) 我們有必要再去那一趟嗎?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 沒必要給他寫封信告知這個消息.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
1.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
這似乎是一件怪事:這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，而且在倫敦去世.
[解釋] It is/seems/…that …從句用虛擬語氣，由“should+v.原形”構(gòu)成
[典例]
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我媽媽竟然答應了我。
2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我媽媽竟然答應了我。
[練習]翻譯
1）真奇怪,他竟然考試不及格.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2）似乎很奇怪，他能夠通過觸摸判斷花的種類。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
二、課文要點
1課文詞匯等填空（旨在復習本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等）
根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法：
The United Kingdom 1 （由…組成） four countries: England, 2 , Scotland and Northern Ireland, 3 is known to the world in a flag 4 (call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas, but they have developed different 5 (教育的) and legal systems. England, the largest of the four countries, is 6 (大致) divided into three zones. Its capital, 7 , has been influenced by the invaders of England, and you will find 8 greatest historical treasure in it.
答案：1. consists of 2. Wales 3. which 4. called 5. educational 6. roughly 7. London 8. the
2課文大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力）
閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或?qū)⑾旅娴亩涛淖g成英語。
從短文中我們得知聯(lián)合王國由四個國家：英格蘭，威爾士，蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭組成。它還介紹了英國和倫敦，并說明英格蘭文化如何受到入侵者的影響。
From the passage we know _______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders
3課文佳句背誦與仿寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和運用能力）
1【原句】The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
[模仿要點] 將兩個簡單句合并成一句，并很好地運用with + N. 作定語。
【模仿】1.作為奧運項目，射擊穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，1896年奧運會只有三個項目，現(xiàn)今有17項。(NMET2008)
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答案：As an Olympic sport, shooting has been developing steadily with only three events in 1896 but 17 events at the moment.
【模仿】2. 如收門票，需建大門?圍墻，會影響城市形象。
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答案：With entrance fees charged, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city．
2【原句】There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
[模仿要點] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：there is no need to do sth
【模仿】1 你沒有必要花很多時間做英語練習而不加思考。
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答案：There is no need to spend much of your spare time doing English exercises without think of their rules.
【模仿】2 我們沒有必要再爭論學生該不該上網(wǎng)，我們所要做的應該是充分使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)來擴大我們的知識而盡量避免它的負面影響。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：There is no need to debate /quarrel/ discuss any more whether students should surf the Internet or not. What we should do now is to make good use of the net to increase our knowledge and try to avoid its bad effect.
3【原句】Now when people refer to England you find Wakes included as well.
[模仿要點] 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：when … you will find sb included as well
【模仿1】 當人們談到我們班的高材生時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆也包括其中。
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答案：Now when people refer to the top students in our class, you will find Tom included as well.
Li Ping’s name , I think, must be mentioned as well.
【模仿2】 當老師表語哪些工作出色的人時，我敢說，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)姆也包括其中。
__________________________________________________________________________________
答案：When the teacher praises the whose who do well in their jobs, I dare say, you will find Tom included as well.
三、單元自測
1完形填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21?30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
字數(shù)：181完成時間：14分鐘難度：***
The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country' s 570,000 tobacco vending machines ( 自動售貨機) prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors, a company has developed a 21 to identify age by studying facial features.
By having the customer look into a digital camera 22 to the machine, Fujitaka Co's system will 23 facial characteristics, such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes, bone structure and skin sags (松弛), to the facial data of over 100,000 people, Hajime Yamamoto, a company spokesman said.
"With face 24 , so long as you've got some change and you are an adult, you can buy cigarettes like before. The problem of 25 borrowing (identification) cards to purchase cigarettes could be 26 as well," Yamamoto said.
But due to concerns about its accuracy, the facial identification method has yet to be 27 .
Yamamoto said the system could 28 identify about 90 percent of the 29 , with the remaining 10 percent sent to a "grey zone" for minors that look 30 , and baby-faced adults, where they would be asked to insert their driving license.
21. A. system B. machineC. program D. monitor
22. A. added B. attached C. covered D. devoted
23. A. prefer B. adjust C. lead D. compare
24. A. features B. structure C. recognition D. expression
25. A. students B. youths C. adults D. minors
26. A. avoided B. clarified C. raised D. improved
27. A. corrected B. approved C. updated D. spread
28. A. completely B. correctly C. specifically D. partly
29. A. smokers B. sellers C. lookers-on D. users
30. A. older B. younger C. wiser D. nicer
答案：
21. A。從第二段及最后一段第一句可以判斷：一家日本公司研制出一套年齡識別體系。
22. B。attach to 所附的，“附在機器上的數(shù)碼相機”。其他三個選項不符合語境。
23. D。compare ... to ... “系統(tǒng)將面部特征與十萬多人的面部數(shù)據(jù)進行對比”。其他三個選項動詞盡管可以和to連用，但不符合語境。
24. C。features 特征，structure 構(gòu)造，recognition 識別，expression表情，選項C符合語境。
25. D。從文章第一句及最后一句可以判斷。minor未成年人，本文首句提到吸煙的合法年齡是20歲，自動售貨 機要確保購買者不是未成年人。
26. A。年齡識別系統(tǒng)可以避免未成年人借用身份證購買香煙的問題。clarify澄清。
27. B。因涉及到準確性問題，這套面部識別方法還有待批準。
28. B。該系統(tǒng)能正確識別出約90%的使用者。
29. D。從第一段to ensure buyers are not minors判斷，該系統(tǒng)識別的是使用自動售貨機購買香煙者。故選users。
30. A。從baby-faced adults可得提示。有10%的長相顯老的未成年人和娃娃臉的成年人進入“灰色地帶”。
2. 語法填空
閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應位置上。
字數(shù)：182完成時間：9分鐘難度：****
For many times in the past years I went to the hospital for some minor 31 (treat) during my travel in other cities. It was the 32 (sad) moment of my life, I think, because nobody would come to the hospital to visit me. 33 patients had family or friends to visit them during the visiting hours I felt really alone. 34 is it possible that out of a whole world full of people, 35 would come to visit me for just an hour? The answer in my case was simple. With a bit of medication (藥物治療), I was back in the stream of life again. But I 36 (leave) with a deep thought for all the people and the elderly. 37 knows how many others that lie in the hospital with nobody 38 (visit) them or give a kind word of comfort? I had this wonderful idea of forming 39 organization in cities around the world, getting to hospitals to visit the patients who never get a visit and someone local could drop 40 with a smile and a kind word. Wouldn't it be nice and relatively easy to do?
答案：
31.treatments。本空前面的minor是一個形容詞，它暗示了本空應填入一個名詞。Treat(治療)的名詞形式是treatment。此外，本空前面的形容詞some暗示了所填的名詞應用復數(shù)形式。
32. saddest。本空考查形容詞的最高級形式的用法。而且前面有定冠詞the提示，根據(jù)句子意思應該選擇saddest。
33. Other�？疾閛ther做形容詞的用法，此時，other意為“其他的，另外的”。
34. How�？疾橐蓡栐~的用法。
35. nobody。根據(jù)上下文，我們可以知道，沒有任何人來探望作者本人。
36. was left。be left with a thought是一個固定的搭配，意為“產(chǎn)生……的一個想法”。
37. Who。考查疑問詞的用法。這句話是個特殊疑問句，根據(jù)句子意思可知需要選who。
38. to visit�？疾閣ith的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。
39. an。本空填入一個不定冠詞表示泛指。
40. in / by / round。本空考查短語drop in / by / round的用法，其意思為：順便訪問，順便進入。
3.閱讀理解（每小題2分，滿分10分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
詞數(shù)：424完成時間：8分鐘難度：***
Healthy relationships are fun and make you feel good about yourself. The relationships that you make in your teenage years will be a special pan of your life. They will teach you some of the most important lessons about who you are. This may help you understand different kinds of relationships, what makes each relationship special, and how to communicate in a positive way.
What makes a relationship healthy?
Communication and Sharing: The most important part of any healthy relationship between two people is being able to talk and listen to each other. You and the other person can find out what your common interests are. You can share your feelings with the other person and trust that he or she will be there to listen to you and support you. In healthy relationships, people don't lie. Communication is based on honesty and trust. By listening carefully and sharing your thoughts and feelings with other people, you show them that they play an important part in your life.
Respect and Trust: In healthy relationships, you learn to respect and trust important people in your life. Disagreements may still happen, but you learn to stay calm and talk about how you feel. Talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along. It makes it much easier to figure out how to fix it. In healthy relationships, working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger. In healthy relationships, people respect each other for who they are. This includes respecting and listening to yourself and your feelings so you can set boundaries and feel comfortable. You will fred that you learn to understand experiences and feelings of others as well as having them understand your experiences and feelings.
How do I know that I have a healthy relationship with someone？
You know that you are in a healthy relationship with someone because you feel good about yourself when you are around that person. Unhealthy relationships can make you feel sad, angry, scared, or worried.
Healthy peer relationships involve an equal amount of giving and taking in the relationship. In unhealthy relationships, there is an unfair balance. You may often feel that you are giving the other person more attention than that he or she gives to you.
You should feel safe around the other person and feel that you can trust him or her with your secrets. In a healthy relationship, you like to spend time with the other person, instead of feeling that you have to spend time with him or her.
41. The lessons you learn about the relationships in your teenage years may help you understand the following EXCEPT _________.
A. different kinds of relationships
B. different kinds of people and occasions
C. how to communicate in a positive way
D. what makes each relationship special
42. To have a healthy relationship, you shouldn't _________.
A. talk and listen to each other
B. have common interests
C. disagree and quarrel with each other
D. take as much as you give
43. When disagreements happen, you learn to stay calm because __________.
A. talking calmly helps you to understand the real reason for not getting along
B. talking calmly makes it much easier to figure out how to fix them
C. working through disagreements often makes the relationship stronger
D. all of the above
44. Which of the following relationships is healthy?
A. You feel upset when you are around someone.
B. You like to talk to someone and listen to him or her.
C. Giving without taking.
D. You feel that you have to spend time with him or her.
45. The passage implies that __________.
A. it's easy to establish a good relationship with someone
B. you don't need to give anything to make relationships healthy
C. healthy relationships need money, time, energy and care
D. mutual respect and trust lead to strong relationships
答案：
41．B．細節(jié)判斷題。由第一段最后一句可知。
42．C細節(jié)理解題。從第三段第五句可知。
43．D．細節(jié)推斷題。從第三段第二、三句可知：
44．B．細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段可知。
45．D．綜合推理題。由全文可知。
4.讀寫任務(wù)
閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。
Hi, I am Jane. I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller, which is the most influential book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her childhood, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience in her long and hard learning period. I have learned, above all, three lessons from her story. First, she taught me that often the road to success is to face hardships bravely. Maybe you are born under a star yet you can stand a better chance than others. It is therefore important that you screw up your courage when courage is needed. Second, the destruction of part of her senses did not prevent her from learning: on the contrary, she had made continual efforts to go deeper into the realm of knowledge, and her perseverance had thus helped her overcome many handicaps. Third, she advised that we should make the most of our sense-organs as if we would lose them soon because in this way we would observe the world more carefully than ever before.
The book is inspiring in that it is one brimming over with the unbending will of a gallant woman set with seemingly insurmountable (adj.不可克服的) difficulties. I hope I can be as courageous as she.
[寫作內(nèi)容]
你的英語老師在上英語口語課時，要求同學們每人就“影響我一生的一本書”的話題進行討論，你參加討論。聽完Jane的發(fā)言之后，請你以“The Most Influential Book in My Life”為題，準備一份發(fā)言稿。內(nèi)容包括以下內(nèi)容：
1．以約30個詞概括Jane的發(fā)言要點；
2．然后以約120個詞談?wù)動绊懩愕囊簧哪骋槐緯瑑?nèi)容包括：
1)這本書令你印象最深的是什么? 2)這本書如何影響你的人生? 3)你的感想。
[寫作要求]
1．作文中可使用自己的親身經(jīng)歷或虛構(gòu)的故事，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；標題自定。
2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱。
[評分標準]概括準確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫。
[寫作輔導]
1．寫作有可能用到的主要短語和單詞：印象impression，影響affect／have influence on sth．／have an effect on sth．
2．本文的概要必須包含以下要點：I like the book named The Story of My Life by Helen Keller,
which is the most influential book in my life./The book is inspiring.../It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout./I hope I can be as courageous as she.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根據(jù)文段的時態(tài)來寫。同時，絕對不能抄襲原文的句子。文章是談?wù)動绊懩愕囊簧哪骋槐緯瑢儆谠u論性文字和結(jié)論性的觀點，故用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時態(tài)較為合理。
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[答案]
The Most Influential Book in My Life
Jane gives us the outline of the book, The Story of My Life by Helen Keller. The book is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout, which affects Jane's life most influentially, and she expects herself to be courageous as Helen Keller.
Books really have good or bad influence on one's growth. To me, the book named Monkey King by Wu Chengen is the most influential book in my life. The Monkey King, Sun Wukong, had a bitter experience of helping his master overcome a great many difficulties in order to get good results. In fact, Failure is a common thing in life. But there are different attitudes towards failure. Years ago, I had a bad attitude towards my failure. However, I have had a good attitude towards failure since I read the book. Now, I don't mind failure because it isn't indeed a bad matter, which tells us how to approach our goal. Whenever I am faced with great difficulties, I never say easily, "I will give up!"
Good books are both important and beneficial to the character development and personal growth of the young people. This is what I have got from my experience.
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