必修 5 Unit 1 Great scientists
核心單詞
1. characteristic
n.特色；特性；典型
adj.特有的，表示特性的；典型的
indness is one of his characteristics.
和善是他的特性之一。
A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.
駱駝的一個特點是不喝水也能活很長時間。
He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. （2010•01•東德州檢測）
A. Characteristic B. character
C. Appearance D. temper
解析:選B。句意為：他證明自己是個真正的紳士，和別人一起工作的時候，他的性格總表現(xiàn)出最好的一面。character作名詞時，表示“性格；特點”，一般是不可數(shù)名詞；characteristic是可數(shù)名詞，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“總的特點”。
易混辨析
character/characteristic
character n.性格，品質(zhì)（本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符
characteristic n. 特點，特征（用以區(qū)別于其他事物的）
高手過招
單項填空
2. defeat
vt.擊��；打��；使（、希望）落空
Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.
我們隊以五比零的比分戰(zhàn)勝了對手。
He was defeated in his plan.他的失敗了。
易混辨析
defeat/conquer/overcome
三個詞都含有“戰(zhàn)勝”、“擊敗”的意思。
defeat指“贏得勝利”，尤其指軍事上的勝利，如：defeat the enemy(打敗敵人)。
conquer指“征服;戰(zhàn)勝”,尤其指獲得對人、物或感情的控制，如：conquer nature（征服自然）。
overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝；壓倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”，如：overcome difficulties（克服困難）。
defeat/beat/win
defeat, beat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝,打敗(對手)”,后接競爭對手。如：beat the competitor/the country/the team ...打敗對手/國家/團隊……
win也表示“戰(zhàn)勝,贏得”,但它的賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品或表示尊重、崇拜之類意義的詞。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward ...贏得比賽/戰(zhàn)役/戰(zhàn)爭/獎學(xué)金/獎品/獎/成功/友誼/獎賞……
高手過招
選詞填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） （原創(chuàng)）
①By not working hard enough you your own purpose.
②Some countries may be but can never be .
③Who is the drum?
④He the first prize in the writing contest.
答案:①defeated ②defeated; conquered
③beating ④won
3. attend
v. 注意；留意；處理(與to連用)=do with；
出席；到場；照看；照料=take care=look after
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
attend school/college 上學(xué)/上大學(xué)
attend a lecture/meeting 聽講座/出席會議
attend a wedding/ceremony 出席婚禮/參加典禮
attendance n. 出席；出席的人數(shù)；伺候；照料
We’ll attend to the problem later. 稍后我們將關(guān)注這個問題。
Which doctor is attending you? 哪個醫(yī)生為你看病?
高手過招
翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①他們在我們不在時管理事務(wù)。
②他在這個領(lǐng)域很出名，今晚會有成千上萬的敬仰者參加他的講座。
答案：①They attended our affairs during our absence.
②He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.
4. expose
vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光，常與介詞to連用，表示“使暴露于（日光、風(fēng)雨等）；受到風(fēng)險；使面臨”。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
expose sth./sb./oneself (to ...) 顯露或暴露于……
be exposed to 暴露于……
Don’t expose it to the rain/wind.別讓它被雨淋/風(fēng)吹。
The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy’s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敵人的火力之下。
The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve. 對貪官污吏的罪行一定要毫無保留地予以揭發(fā)。
高手過招
用expose的適當(dāng)形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin.
②The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock.
答案: ① being exposed to ② exposing
5. cure
vt.&n. 治愈，治療；常用于“cure sb. of ...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。
The doctor cured her of a bad cold.醫(yī)生治好了她的重感冒。
It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈這種疾病是可能的。
易混辨析
cure/treat/heal/recover
cure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于指藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習(xí)氣。
treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動。
heal意為“治愈（傷口）；醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的部位，使傷口愈合，不用于指治療感冒等疾病。
recover意為“痊愈,復(fù)原”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from連用。
That pill cured my headache.那種藥片治好了我的頭疼。
That will cure him of his bad habits.那將改正他的壞習(xí)慣。
There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.
只有兩名醫(yī)生治療50多個病人。
The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的傷已痊愈了。
He’s now fully recovered from his bad cold.
他現(xiàn)在已完全從重感冒中康復(fù)了。
高手過招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①盤尼西林治好了他的肺炎。
Penicillin his pneumonia.
②事故后卡車司機的擦傷得到了治療。
After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises.
③他手指上的傷口很快愈合了。
The cut on his finger quickly.
答案：①cured him of ②was treated ③healed
6. absorb
vt. 吸收；吸引；吸收（液體，氣體，光，聲等）；汲取，理解（知識等）；使全神貫注；吸引（注意等），后常接介詞in/by；合并（公司等）；吞并；常接介詞into；承受；經(jīng)受。
聯(lián)想拓展
absorbed adj. 精神集中的
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的
absorb from sth. 從……中吸收
be absorbed in 專心于，全神貫注于
Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。
So many good ideas! It’s too much for me to absorb all at once. 這么多好主意！我很難一下子完全吸收。
The old man was completely absorbed in the book.
老人全神貫注地讀這本書。
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城鎮(zhèn)已并入到這座城市中。
高手過招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①那個人因為看報紙?zhí)肷穸驳搅藟ι稀?，the man walked into a wall.
②他們聚精會神地看著電視里的表演，舍不得離開。
They were the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.
答案：①Deeply absorbed in the newspaper
②so deeply absorbed in watching
7. blame
vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎于
n.責(zé)怪；(過失、過錯等)責(zé)任
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而指責(zé)某人
blame sth. on sb. 因某事而指責(zé)某人
sb. be to blame for(doing) sth. 因(做)某事某人應(yīng)受到譴責(zé)
The student blamed the teacher for his failure.
學(xué)生因失敗而責(zé)怪老師。
The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.
那個粗心的司機該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負責(zé)。
Who is to blame for the failure?
誰該為這次的失敗負責(zé)?
溫馨提示
be to blame 應(yīng)負責(zé)(無被動形式)
高手過招
(1)單項填空
We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that for their son’s bad performance at school.
（2010•01•陜西西安檢測）
A. are to blame B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed D. is to blame
（2）翻譯句子
①看霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲用水了。 （原創(chuàng)）
②這事誰也不能怨。
③他指責(zé)你玩忽職守。
解析： （1）選D。句意為：我們覺得對于孩子在學(xué)校里的不好表現(xiàn)，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有責(zé)任。be to blame是習(xí)慣表達方式，要用主動形式表示被動含義。且主語為Jack，故選D項。
(2) ①It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera. ②Nobody is to blame for it. ③He blames you for neglect of duty.
8. link
vt. 連接；聯(lián)系
n. 環(huán)；連接；聯(lián)系；紐帶
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
link ...to/with 將……和……連接/聯(lián)系起
link up 連接起
The highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.
這條公路連接著上海和北京。
Your story links up with his.
你所說的和他所說的能聯(lián)系起。
A lot of links fitted together form a chain.
許多鏈環(huán)連在一起組成鏈條。
Old friends are a link with the past.
老朋友是連接往事的紐帶。
易混辨析
join/connect/combine/unite
join指的是任何事物的直接連接，連接的程度可緊可松，含有“還能分開”之意。常用結(jié)構(gòu)join ...to, join up。
connect指的是通過某種媒介物把事物連接起，事物的特征還保持著，常表示與技術(shù)有關(guān)的連接以及火車、飛機等實行聯(lián)運。常用結(jié)構(gòu)connect ...with/to。
combine著重指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物為了共同的目的而結(jié)合在一起，結(jié)合后原的部分可能仍不改變，但也可能失去其本性，常用結(jié)構(gòu)combine ...with。
unite強調(diào)緊密地結(jié)合成一體，含極難分開之意,常用結(jié)構(gòu)unite ...with。
Please join this pole to that one.
請把這根竿子和那根竿子接起。
This flight connects with New York one.
這班飛機在紐約可接上另一趟航班。
We should combine theory with practice.
我們應(yīng)該理論聯(lián)系實際。
高手過招
翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①這兩個城鎮(zhèn)由一條鐵路連接起。
②這些事之間都有一些微妙的(subtly)聯(lián)系。
答案： ①The two towns are linked by a railway.
②These events are all subtly linked together.
重點短語
9. put forward
提出(意見、建議)；推薦；提名；將表撥快
He put forward a better plan.
他提出了一個更好的計劃。
Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?
我推薦你（提名讓你）擔(dān)任高爾夫球俱樂部的好嗎？
He puts forward several interesting plans.
他提出了幾項令人感興趣的計劃。
It’s an explanation often put forward by our friend.
這是我們的朋友經(jīng)常做出的解釋。
聯(lián)想拓展
put in 打斷；插嘴；進港
put off 推遲；延期
put on 穿；上演
put away 放好
put down 寫下
put on weight 發(fā)福；長胖
put out 生產(chǎn)；撲滅
put up 舉起；張貼
put back 放回，送回
高手過招
（1）單項填空
At the meeting, he his plan. （原創(chuàng)）
A. looked forward to B. put forward
C. took forward D. came forward
（2）完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
她正為選舉制度改革提出一些建議。
She is some proposals for electoral reform.
解析:(1) 選B。句意為:在會議上,他提出了他的計劃。put forward提出。
(2)putting forward
10. look into
調(diào)查；了解；研究；朝……里面看
聯(lián)想拓展
look around/round/about 環(huán)顧四周
look after 照顧；照料
look back 回頭看
look back to/upon/on 回顧；回想
look down upon 俯視；輕視
look for 尋求；尋找
look forward to 盼望
look on 旁觀
look on/upon...as 把……看作
look out 往外看；注意；當(dāng)心
look through 透過……看；瀏覽
look up 抬頭看；查閱
溫馨提示
look into與one’s face/eyes等連用，表示“注視”。
He looks into her face with great interest.
他饒有興趣地注視著她的臉。
Let’s look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.讓我們一起研究這個問題，想出解決的辦法。
高手過招
單項填空
①In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together.（2010•01•江西上高檢測）
A. look out B. look into
C. look at D. look over
②There was a fire in the hotel. The is now being looked .（2010•01•西太原五中檢測）
A. reason; through B. reason; into
C. cause; through D. cause; into
解析: ①選D�？疾槎陶Z辨析。look out向外看；look into 調(diào)查；look at看；look over從……上看過去。
②選D。cause的意思是“起因”；look into的意思是“調(diào)查”。
11. apart from
除……之外；脫離開；此外
Apart from a few faults，he is a trustworthy teacher.
除了少數(shù)的幾個缺點外，他是個值得信賴的老師。
Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t suit me.
除了太長，這條褲子的款式也不適合我。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
沒有知識能脫離實踐。
易混辨析
apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except that
apart from表示“除……外（別無）”時相當(dāng)于besides和except for,但apart from還有“除……以外（還）”之意。另外，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但except不能。
except“除……”（不包括其后的賓語），besides“除了……還”（包括其后的賓語）。另外，besides還可以作副詞,表示“并且，而且”。
but for表示“如果不是由于……”之意（=If it were not for...或If it had not been for...）。
in addition to 相當(dāng)于besides，表示“除……之外，還有”（包括除去內(nèi)容在內(nèi)）。
except that后面跟句子，用表示理由或細節(jié)。
高手過招
（1）單項填空
English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. （2010•01•河北石家莊檢測）
A. Except B. Except for
C. Beside D. Apart from
（2）用apart from/except for/except/except that/besides填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①We go there every day onday.
②He is a good man his bad temper.
③Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes.
④ the cost, it will take a lot of time.
⑤ that, everything goes well.
(1)解析:選D。 apart from相當(dāng)于besides，意思是“除……外，還有……”。except表示“除……，不包括在內(nèi)”，從后面的also看，應(yīng)用besides或apart from。
(2)①except ②except for/apart from
③except that ④Apart from/Besides
⑤Apart from/Except for
12. make sense
講得通；有道理；有意義(反義詞組make no sense)
Your story doesn’t make sense to me.
你編的故事我聽不明白。
It makes good sense to take good care of your health.
照顧好你的身體是明智的。
聯(lián)想拓展
lose/recover one’s sense=be out of one’s sense
失去/恢復(fù)知覺;喪失/恢復(fù)理智
bring sb. to one’s sense 使某人蘇醒過
come to one’s sense 蘇醒過
make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 沒有道理；沒有意義
in a/one sense 從某種意義說
in all sense 從任何意義上說
in no sense 絕不是；絕非
There is no sense in doing sth.做某事沒有道理。
高手過招
單項填空
①What he says makes no to her.
（2010•01•東濟南模塊檢測）
A. Care B. sense
C. Interest D. meaning
②The poem is hard to understand. Can you make of this poem? （2010•01•遼寧大連檢測）
A. Idea B. knowledge
C. Sense D. Understanding
解析: ①選B。make sense為固定搭配，意思是“起作用，有意義”。
②選C。make sense of sth.“理解或弄懂困難的或無法理解的事物”。另外，sense還可作動詞，意為“意識到(某事物)；感覺到”。
重點句型
13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次暴發(fā)（霍亂）時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。
本句是一個復(fù)合句，every time引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，意思是“每當(dāng)……”，相當(dāng)于“when”。另外，此狀語從句中還有一個“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)。So many thousands of terrified people died是主句。
聯(lián)想拓展
類似的時間狀語歸納：
each time每次；每當(dāng)
at the time在那個時候；（當(dāng)……）的時候
any/next/the first/the last time意為“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。
the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”。
She went to see him directly she got the letter.
她一收到信就去看他了。
Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.
一吃完飯他就把收音機打開了。
She came to the scene the moment she heard of the accident.她一聽說發(fā)生了事故，就立刻趕到了現(xiàn)場。
The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我們談話時他說他還需要兩天。
高手過招
（1）單項填空
She said to me, “I’ll tell you the result of test I know it.” （2010•01•陜西師大附中檢測）
A. Because B. the moment
C. After D. though
（2）同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 （原創(chuàng)）
I gave ary the money when I saw her.
I gave ary the money I saw her.
解析： （1）選B。the moment意為“一……就……”，相當(dāng)于as soon as。類似用法的連詞還有: the minute/instant; instantly/immediately/directly等。
(2)the minute/the moment
14. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ...
他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)……
此句中“with+賓語+賓語補足語(v.?ing/v.?ed/to do/adj./adv./prep. phrases)”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常用作狀語，表示方式，原因或條等。
With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.在這位老人的帶領(lǐng)下，我們開始向森林進發(fā)。
She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.
她不停地奔跑，汗珠順著臉頰流下。
高手過招
翻譯句子
①老師微笑著走進教室，身后跟著一群小朋友。
②隨著考試的結(jié)束，我們的假期開始了。
答案：①With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.
②With the test finished, we began our holiday.
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