高二英語The environment教案
V-ing形式用法歸納
v-ing形式：
動(dòng)詞的ing形式是非謂語動(dòng)詞中的一種，它由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing 形成doing , 其否定式not doing 。有的動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中起名詞作用，稱為動(dòng)名詞，有的則起形容詞或副詞作用， 稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。所以在句中，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除了謂語以外的任何成分，即：主語、表語、賓語（介詞賓語和動(dòng)詞賓語）、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)）。動(dòng)詞-ing形式仍具有動(dòng)詞的若干特點(diǎn)，所以它又可以有自己的賓語和狀語等。
v-ing的用法：
一、作主語
1 Learning without practice is no good.= It’s no good learning without practice
歸納：It's +no good(no use, no fun, no harm)+doing
2 Being (be) happy is of great importance.
3. Her being praised (praise) by the teacher made her excited.
4. It’s no use arguing (argue) with him about such a boring issue.
5. aking good friends makes (make) a big difference to us.
6 . -------What made Ajani that sad?
-------- _____B_______.
A. His parents died of the same year
B. His parents’dying of the same disease
C. His parents death
D. Not his being able to treat his parents
二、作賓語
1只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practice, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, resist, risk, 等
I am considering spending (spend) our summer vacation in a seaside town.
2 動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
3 只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞短語：can’t help , can’t stand, give up , insist on, put off , feel like, have difficulty/ trouble (in) , have a good/ hard time (in) , be busy (in) , be worth…
I can’t help wondering (wonder) if he wants Peter to be his best friend.
I can’t heip to clean / clean ( clean ) the room, because I have a lot of homework to do.
4 to 為介詞的短語：be used to, look forward to, get down to , pay attention to , devote ...to , stick to, object to , refer to,
He devotes all his time to collecting (collect ) money for Red Cross
The professor referred to made (make) a speech for us last week.
注意：
★ 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別不大。如：continue, prefer, begin, hate , like , start, love 等。
★ 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別很大。如：forget, remember, regret, mean, try, stop, go on, can’t help 等。
1）forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未的動(dòng)作，接動(dòng)名詞表示動(dòng)作
已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：
Don't forget to post ( post) the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting (meet) her in Beijing Airport last month?
Remember to close (close )the windows before you leave.
I remember writing (write) him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell ( tell )you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
They regretted ordering ( order) these books from abroad.
2) mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing 意味著……
I meant to catch ( catch )up with the early bus.
This means wasting (waste) a lot of money.
3)try to do 設(shè)法盡力做某事 try doing 試著做某事
You should try to overcome ( overcome) your shortcomings.
Try working (work) out the physics problem in another way.
4) stop to do 停下一事去做另一事（不定式作目的狀語） stop doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy ( buy) a paper.
You'd better stop arguing ( argue) and do as you are told.
5) can't help doing 禁不住…… can’t help (to) do不能幫助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help (to) make up the room for you.
6) go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事
go on doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)
He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢(shì)。
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
★不定式作表語表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)?dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。
1） y dream is to go (go )on the moon in the future.
2) What I would suggest is to put ( put) off the meeting.
3) y job is serving (serve) the people.
★ advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，帶不定式
作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
=Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Tips：動(dòng)名詞前帶自己的邏輯主語， 叫動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，
★動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語時(shí)，如果邏輯主語是人稱代詞， 則可用形容詞性物主代詞或人稱代詞的賓格， 如果邏輯主語是名詞，則用名詞的所有格或普通格。
★名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語時(shí)，如果邏輯主語是人稱代詞， 則可用形容詞性物主代詞，如果邏輯主語是名詞，則用名詞的所有格。
Tom’s crying 湯姆的哭喊made his mother angry.
His being late 他遲到 made his teacher angry.
Would you mind my/ me opening the window 我開窗?
There is no hope of Tom’winning the game . 湯姆獲勝。
現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)：
現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義例句
一般式doingbeing done分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生Being poor , he can’t go to schol.
完成式having donehaving been done分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前Having done his homework, he went out to play.
一 作表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞。
1)The film is moving and interesting.
這部電影感人又有趣。
2)The news sounds encouraging (encourage).
這個(gè)消息聽起激動(dòng)人心。
3) It is disappointing (disappoint) that he failed to pass the exam.
（起形容詞作用的動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式含有“令人……”的意思。如：amusing, astonishing, boring, exciting, inspiring, missing, promising, puzzling, surprising, tiring, embarrassing, disappointing, worrying, frightening, moving）
二 作定語
exciting news 激動(dòng)人心的消息 a tiring day 累人的一天
1) The man running over there is our chairman.
=The man who is running over there is our chairman.
這個(gè)在跑過的人是我們的主席。
2)The road joining the two villages is very wide.
=The road which joins the two villages is very wide.
連接兩個(gè)村子的路非常的寬。
3)They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.
=They lived in a room which faces the north thirty years ago.
三十年前，他們住在一個(gè)朝北的房間里。
三 作賓語補(bǔ)足語，經(jīng)常用在動(dòng)詞feel，hear，leave，keep，listen to，look at，notice，see，watch，etc.后作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，狀態(tài)正在持續(xù)。
1) When he passed the bank, he saw the thief stealing some money.
當(dāng)他路過銀行的時(shí)候，他看到小偷正在偷錢。
When I was walking in the street, I saw my brother cross (cross) the street and enter a shop.
2) The parents can hear their daughter playing (play) the piano.
這對(duì)父母可以聽到他們的女兒在彈鋼琴。
3) He kept me waiting (wait) for almost an hour.
他讓我等了將近一個(gè)小時(shí)。
四 作狀語： 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條、伴隨等等。分詞作狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。
1) The secretary worked late into the night, preparing (prepare ) a long speech for the president.
秘書工作到深夜，為主席準(zhǔn)備長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的演講稿。
2) Hearing ( hear) the news, he jumped. （時(shí)間狀語）
聽到這個(gè)消息,他跳了起。
3) Having studied ( study)the map, I knohich way to go.（時(shí)間狀語）
研究了地圖之后，我知道該走哪條路了。
4) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. （原因狀語）
他太生氣了睡不著。
5) The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. (結(jié)果狀語)
公交車被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，耽誤了時(shí)間。
6) His parents died, leaving (leave) him alone.
We came home after our holiday , only to find (find) our house broken into.
注意：
★ doing 所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,having+done 所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前.
1) Enteringing the room, he found his best friend sitting there.
2)Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
=After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
他關(guān)掉了收音機(jī)，開始復(fù)習(xí)功。
★ 動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式
1) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught (catch).
松鼠很幸運(yùn)，沒有被抓住。
2) The question being discussed ( discuss) is very important.
正在討論的問題非常重要。
3) The skyscraper to be built (build) is still higher than that one the year before last.
將要修建的摩天大樓比去年蓋的那個(gè)還要高。
4) Do you know the boy admitted (admit) to Beijing University?
你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)已被北大錄取的男生嗎？
5) Having been told (tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
被告知了很多次后， 他還是重復(fù)著相同的錯(cuò)誤。
★ 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式代替被動(dòng)形式
有些動(dòng)詞，如：want, need, require, deserve, worth等后面可以跟動(dòng)詞-ing的主動(dòng)形式代替被動(dòng)形式，表達(dá)被動(dòng)意味。
1) The radio wants (needs, requires) repairing.
=The radio wants (needs, requires) to be repaired .
2) The babies want (need, require) to be examined.
=The babies want (need, require) examining .
3) The book is well worth reading again.
這本書很值得再看一遍。
4) These honest men are worth respecting and depending on.
誠(chéng)實(shí)的人值得被尊敬和依賴。
★ 一些特殊用法：
1 Considering his age, he has done a good job.
2 Concerning your request, we have talked about it at the meeting.
3 Generally speaking, they might make more contributions to the struggle.
4 Judging from/ by what he wears, he must be a rich man.
5 Supposing/ Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
高二v-ing 練習(xí)
一、改寫句子
1. It seems impossible to save money no
=______ ______ now seems impossible.
2.When he woke up, he found he was lying in bed.
=When he woke up, he found _____ ______ in bed.
3. I would rather stay at home than go shopping with om.
=I _____ _______at home ______ _____shopping with om.
4.As soon as he arrived, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage
= _____ _____, my father hugged Albert and tried to give him courage.
5.If time permits, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
=_______ _______, I’ll attend your wedding ceremony.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. She insisted ____ to iami for her summer vacation though it would cost much money.
A. on taking B. on being taken
C. to take D. to be taken
2. He sent me an E-mail, _____to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope
3. ---um, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
---______enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get B. getting C. To get D. To be getting
4. The headmaster hurried to the concert hall, only _____ the speaker ____.
A. to find; left B. finding; leaving
C. finding; left D. to find; gone
5. As I will be away for at least a year. I’d appreciate _____from you now and then _____me how everyone is getting along.
A. hearing; tell B. to hear; tell
C. hearing; telling D. to hear; to tell
6. _____in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited
C. Having waited D. To have waited
7. The job is _____to me because I have little experience. However, it is also______.
A. challenging; rewarding B. challenged; rewarded
C. challenging; rewarded D. challenged; rewarding
8. _____comfortably in a chair, he was completely lost in a magazine.
A. To sit B. Sat C. Sitting D. having sit
9. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast
---_____David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch
C. just watching D. just having watched
10. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
11. It is said that the Olympic Games_____ in Beijing in 2008 covered more events than any other Olympics had done.
A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding
12. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _________.
A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned
C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning
13. The great hall was crowded with many people, ____ many children ____ on their parents’ laps.
A. including; seated B. including; seating
C. included; sat D. included; sitting
14. ______ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
15. Taking this medicine, if _______, will of course do good to his health.
A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing
16. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things ______.
A. remaining, remained to be settled B. remaining, remaining to be settled
C. remained, remained to settle D. remained, remaining to settle
17. _______ his age, the little boy read very well.
A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered
18. His letter, ______ to the wrong number, reached me late.
A. having been addressed B. to have addressed
C. to have been addressed D. being addressed
19. There are lots of places of interest ______ in our city.
A. needs repairing B. needing repaired
C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired
20. --- What caused the party to be put off?
--- ______ the invitations.
A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending
C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send
21. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not to do anything but________ the flowing of the smog around me.
A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy
22. They use computers to keep the traffic ________smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
23. I can’t get my car _________ on cold mornings, so I have to try ____ the radiator with some hot water.
A. run; to fill B. running; filling
C. running; to fill D. ran; filling
24. The drunken husband knocked against the table and sent the bowls ______ in all directions before he was sent ________ by his wife.
A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping
C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep
25. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp ____ but the door _____.
A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting
C. burning; shut D. on; shutting
26. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes______ on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.
A. fixed B. fix C. fixing D. to fix
27. A doctor can expect _____ at any hour of the day or night.
A. calling B. to call C. being called D. to be called
28. The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to the teacher’s question, ______ just a minute. So he’s usually the teacher’s pet.
A. thought B. having thought C. and to think D. thinking
29. The policeman came up to the only house with the door _____, ____ there for a while and then entered it.
A. open; to stand B. opening; stood
C. open; stood D. opened; standing
30. r. Smith was much surprised to find the watch he had had ____ was nowhere to be seen.
A. repairing B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
31. The play ________next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced
32 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
33. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployment pressures.
A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped
34. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present
35. _______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten
36. _______not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded
37. In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, _____the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy.
A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
38．Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, _______ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.
A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having attended
39．At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ______in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering
C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
40. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it______ .
A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused
41. Please do me a favor — ______ my friend r. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited
42. _________ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
43. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
44 The children all turned _______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at
45. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions _______?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
46. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
47. I still remember _______ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
48. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____all four people on board.
A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill
49. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
50. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
51. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
52. David threatened _______ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported
53. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
54. ________ many times, he finally understood it.
A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told
55. ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete
56. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
57．_______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of ount Tai.
A. Being tiring B. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired
58．There is a great deal of evidence _____that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicatingC. to indicate D. to be indicating
59. ichael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared
60. With the world changing fast, we have something new ____ with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing
答案：
一、改寫句子
1. Saving money 2. himself lying 3. prefer staying; to going
4. Upon/On arrival 5. Time permitting
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1—5 BBCDC 6—10 CACAD 11—15 CBADA 16—20 BAADB
21—25 ADBAC 26—30 ADBCC 31---35CACDB 36---40BACAD
41---45CDBBC 46---50ADBCC 51---55ACADD 56---60CBBDC
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相關(guān)閱讀：Unit 2 The environment單元復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案