詞匯導(dǎo)練
1．The manager decided to have a word with whoever is r____________for the sales department.
2．Only by hard work can we turn our dreams into____________(現(xiàn)實(shí))．
3．I had no o____________to discuss it with her，because she is too busy.
4．Everyone had a different o____________ on the subject.
5．The girl is really t____________to see a jewel in the corner of the street，but it turned out to be only glass.
6．In recent years，our country has made____________(非凡)progress in science and technology.
7．Train arrivals are____________(宣告)over the louderspeaker at the station.
8．The country is supported by____________(工業(yè))．
9．He____________(投資)all his savings in stocks.
10．We’re doing a____________(研究)of children’s eating habits.
11．The new teacher made a strong____________(impress)on all of us by his humorous speech.
12．The government is aiming at full____________(employ)．
1．responsible 2.reality 3.opportunity 4.opinion 5.thrilled
6．extraordinary 7.announced 8.industry 9.invested 10.study 11.impression 12.employment
短語(yǔ)匯集
1．________________ 傳遞
2．________________ 與……相連接
3．________________ 發(fā)出(氣味，熱等)
4．________________ 提出(觀點(diǎn)、議案等)
5．________________ 最后但同樣重要的
6．________________ 創(chuàng)辦，建立，創(chuàng)立
7．________________ 被控告犯有……罪
8．________________ 關(guān)閉，使停業(yè)，使倒閉
9．________________ 在我看來(lái)，依我看
10．________________ 發(fā)現(xiàn)，(偶然)遇見(jiàn)
1.pass on 2.be connected to 3.give out 4.put forward?5.last but not least 6.set up 7.be accused of 8.close down 9.in my opinion 10.come across
語(yǔ)句試譯
1．(回歸課本P42)________ ________ ________every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma felt by the viewer，__________ ________the cold，the tiredness，the food，the smells，the sights and the sounds of the mountain can all be experienced.
觀眾不僅能感覺(jué)到攀登珠穆瑯瑪峰的每一個(gè)腳步，而且可以體驗(yàn)到山上的寒冷、疲憊、食物、氣味、以及聲音。
2．(回歸課本P42)________/________ ________the top of the mountain，a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.
到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，觀眾就能體驗(yàn)到一種幸福感和成就感。
3．(回歸課本P53)In my opinion，it is about time we________new computers.
我認(rèn)為，是該我們有新電腦的時(shí)候了。
4．(回歸課本P53)If the PC (No.7)I was using_____ _______a good keyboard，I ______ ______ ______ ______so many mistakes.
如果我使用的7號(hào)電腦有個(gè)好鍵盤(pán)，我就不會(huì)出那么多錯(cuò)了。
5．(回歸課本P58)________ ________ ________，the Time Traveller starts back towards the present.
由于害怕和寒冷，時(shí)光旅游者踏上了回到現(xiàn)在的旅程。
1.Not only is；but also 2.On/upon reaching 3.had 4.had had；would not have made 5.Scared and cold
核心知識(shí)
1.deliver vt. 傳送，傳遞；發(fā)表；釋放，解救；接生
(回歸課本P42)Special food and drink chemicals are delivered into the viewer’s mouth via a straw sensor.
通過(guò)一根傳感器吸管還可以將特殊的食品和飲料的化學(xué)物品輸送到觀眾的嘴里。
11
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P534)As a boy，Ralph delivered newspapers on a bicycle.
拉爾夫小的時(shí)候騎自行車(chē)送報(bào)紙。
②Traditionally，local midwives deliver all the babies in the area.
在過(guò)去，當(dāng)?shù)氐慕由艜?huì)給本地區(qū)所有的嬰兒接生。
③(牛津P528)He delivered his lines confidently.
他沉著地說(shuō)了他的臺(tái)詞。
④They delivered their prisoner over to the invading army.
他們把俘虜交給了侵略軍。
1．完成句子
(1)一些新書(shū)已被送到學(xué)校。
Some new books________ ________ ________ ________the school.
答案：have been delivered to
(2)校長(zhǎng)在畢業(yè)典禮上作了一個(gè)鼓舞人心的演講。
The headmaster________ ________ ________ ________at the graduation ceremony.
答案：delivered an encouraging speech
(3)她生下了一個(gè)健康的嬰兒。
She________ ________ ________a healthy baby.
答案：was delivered of
(4)教育把他從無(wú)知中解救出來(lái)了。
Education delivered him________ignorance.
答案：from
2.impress vt. 給……留下深刻印象；使欽佩；使銘記在心；使明白重要性
(回歸課本P45)I think viewers will be impressed by a film that allows them to be a character in the film.
我認(rèn)為觀眾會(huì)對(duì)允許自己扮演角色的電影印象深刻。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P1026)Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的話語(yǔ)我銘記在心里。
②(朗文P1041)Dimas was impressed with the students’ knowledge and insight.
學(xué)生們的知識(shí)和洞察力給迪馬斯留下了深刻的印象。
③The idea is to impress the importance of nature on children early in life.
目的是使兒童在人生的早期更了解自然的重要性。
④It’s important to make a good impression at your interview.
面試時(shí)給人留下好的印象是很重要的。
2．完成句子
(1)外國(guó)游客無(wú)一不對(duì)該市的景色留有深刻印象。
The sights of the city never fail________ ________foreign tourists.
答案：to impress
(2)你的工作效率很高，我們極為欽佩。
We________ ________ ________ ________/________your efficiency.
答案：were most impressed with/by
(3)他的演講給聽(tīng)眾留下了深刻的印象。
His speech________ ________ ________ ________ ________the audience.
答案：made a great impression on
3.employ vt.&.n. 雇傭；使用
(回歸課本P51)When Napster.com was set up in 1999，the company was very small――only Fanning’s family and friends were employed.
當(dāng)Napster網(wǎng)站于1999年剛剛建立的時(shí)候，公司規(guī)模還很小――只有Fanning一家和他們的朋友在那里上班。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P664)The factory employs over 2,000 people.
這家工廠雇傭了2000多名工人。
②(牛津P653)The police had to employ force to enter the building.
警察不得不強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入大樓。
③She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
她忙著把要做的所有工作列為一個(gè)清單。
易混辨析
employ，hire，rent
三者都有“雇傭”的意思。employ指雇傭人；hire可指雇傭人，也可指租用車(chē)船等；rent更常用于租用場(chǎng)地，東西等；employ和rent多帶有長(zhǎng)期性，而hire多指臨時(shí)雇傭。
①He was employed as a research assistant.
②They hired out boats to people on holiday.
③She rented me a room.
3．完成句子
(1)For the past three years he ________ ________ ________ ________(受雇當(dāng)……)a gate keeper.
答案：has been employed as
(2)He suggested we ________ ________ ________ (使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒?to improve the working conditions.
答案：employ proper methods
(3)Many workers have been ________ ________ ________(失業(yè)) since the global financial crisis.
答案：out of employment
4.―(2011年河南實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)How long________at this job?
―Since 1990.
A．were you employed
B．have you been employed
C．had you been employed
D．will you be employed
解析：選B。句意：――你從事這項(xiàng)工作有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？――從1990年至今。從答語(yǔ)“Since 1990.”可知使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
5.A report by the Chinese Academy of Social Science said________among new graduates grew to over 12 percent last year at 1.5 million because of the global economic crisis.
A．disagreement B．enlargement
C．unemployment D．encouragement
解析：選C。句意：中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院的一份報(bào)告說(shuō)由于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，去年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的失業(yè)率上升了12%，達(dá)到了150萬(wàn)。unemployment“失業(yè)，失業(yè)率，失業(yè)人數(shù)”。
4.accuse vt. 指責(zé)；譴責(zé)；控告
(回歸課本P51)He was accused of piracy and sued by the music industry.
他被指控盜版并且遭到音樂(lè)行業(yè)的起訴。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P14)The government was accused of incompetence.
政府被指責(zé)無(wú)能。
②(朗文P15)He’s accused of murder.
他被控謀殺。
③The accused was found innocent.
被告被判定無(wú)罪。
易混辨析
accuse，charge
兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“控訴，指控”之意，但它們后面所搭配的介詞不同。
(1)accuse v．指控，控訴，與介詞of連用。
(2)charge v．可以指因?yàn)樾″e(cuò)而受到責(zé)備，也指因違法而受到控告，與介詞with連用。
①He was charged with murder.
②She accused him of lying.
6．完成句子
(1)我的老師總是指責(zé)我粗心。
My teacher________ ________ ________ ________ ________carelessness.
答案：is always accusing me of
(2)瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。
Mary________ ________as an accomplice.
答案：was accused
5.therefore adv. 因此，所以
(回歸課本P53)Therefore，I am writing to you to voice my opinions.所以，我給你寫(xiě)信陳述我的觀點(diǎn)。
歸納拓展
therefore和so兩詞都作“因此”講。therefore作“因此”講時(shí)是副詞，通常不用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)分句；而so是連詞，因此它可以用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)分句。
例句探源
①(牛津P2095)He’s only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
他只有17歲，因此沒(méi)有投票選舉的資格。
②(朗文P2134)It was clear Lucy was unhappy.Thercefore，it comes as no surprise she has decided to design.
很明顯露西很不快樂(lè)，因此她決定辭職一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚。
7．句型轉(zhuǎn)換
Mr.Brown knows little about China and therefore he can’t advise you about it.
布朗先生對(duì)中國(guó)不甚了解，所以他給你提不出什么建議。
＝Mr.Brown knows little about China，________he can’t advise you about it.
＝Mr.Brown knows little about China.________，he can’t advise you about it.
答案：so；Therefore
6.voice vt. 吐露，表達(dá)
n． 聲音
(回歸課本P53)Therefore，I am writing to you to voice my opinions.所以，我給你寫(xiě)信陳述我的觀點(diǎn)。
歸納拓展
in an angry(a sad，a cheerful)voice以很生氣(傷心，快活)的聲音?
at the top of the voice高聲地?
in a low voice低聲地?
lose one’s voice失音?
drop(lower)/raise(lift up)one’s voice放低/提高聲音give voice to說(shuō)出/(發(fā)表)(意見(jiàn))；吐露(心聲，感情
例句探源
①(朗文P2291)He voiced several objections to the plan.
他對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃提出了幾點(diǎn)反對(duì)意見(jiàn)。
②(牛津P2250)“I promise”，she said in a small voice.
“我答應(yīng)”，她小聲說(shuō)。
③(牛津P2250)He pledged that his party would listen to the voice of the people.
他保證他的政黨愿意傾聽(tīng)人民的呼聲。
8.Hoping to make herself______clearly，she spoke________her voice.
A．hear；at the top of
B．heard；at the top of
C．hear；in a low voice
D．heard；in a low voice
解析：選B。句意“希望能讓別人聽(tīng)清楚，她用最大的聲音講話”，herself和hear之間構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用heard；at the top of one’s voice高聲地。
9．完成句子
如果有問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)說(shuō)出來(lái)，別猶豫。
Don’t hesitate to________them if you have any problems.
答案：voice
7.pass on 傳遞
(回歸課本P42)The sense of touch is passed on to the fingertips via thousands of sensors in the gloves.
觸覺(jué)是通過(guò)手套中的數(shù)千個(gè)傳感器傳遞到指尖的。
歸納拓展
pass sth.on to sb.將某物傳交給某人?
pass away去世?
pass by走過(guò)，經(jīng)過(guò)；(時(shí)間)過(guò)去?
pass sth.down從一代傳給下一代?
pass through經(jīng)過(guò)，路過(guò)；經(jīng)歷
例句探源
①(牛津P1453)I passed your message on to my mother.
我把你的留言轉(zhuǎn)給我媽了。
②(朗文P1493)It’s been over a year since Mrs.Brock passed away.布羅克太太去世有1年多了。
③These remedies have been passed down from generation to generation.
這些治療方法一代一代傳了下來(lái)。
10．完成句子
(1)這些珠寶在他們家代代相傳已有近兩百年的歷史了。
These jewels ________ ________ ________ ________ in his family from generation to generation for about two hundred years.
答案：have been passed down
(2)現(xiàn)在讓我們看看下一個(gè)題目。
Let us now ________ ________ ________the next subject.
答案：pass on to
(3)她患了重感冒，結(jié)果又傳染了孩子。
She caught a bad cold and therefore，she ________ it ________ to her baby.
答案：passed；on
11.The procession passed right ________ my front door.
A．a(chǎn)way B．by
C．out D．down
解析：選B。句意為：隊(duì)伍正好從我家前門(mén)經(jīng)過(guò)。pass by“經(jīng)過(guò)”。
8.put forward vt. 提出(觀點(diǎn)、議案等)；推薦；將……提前；把(時(shí)針)撥快
(回歸課本P43)An argument has been put forward that some viewers will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.
有人提出了這樣的看法：“實(shí)影”會(huì)讓某些觀眾感到失望，因?yàn)樘摂M現(xiàn)實(shí)畢竟不是現(xiàn)實(shí)。
歸納拓展
put away放好；積蓄?
put an end to結(jié)束?
put down記下；鎮(zhèn)壓?
put off推遲?
put out撲滅；熄(燈)?
put up掛起；舉起；貼(廣告等)?
put up with忍受
put sb.through(to...)給……接通電話?
put on穿戴上；(速度、體重)增加；上演?put sth aside忽視；不理睬；忘記
例句探源
①(朗文P1660)The Dutch delegation put forward a new trade deal.
荷蘭代表團(tuán)提出了一個(gè)新的貿(mào)易協(xié)議。
②(牛津P1614)Can I put you your name forward for club secretary？我推薦你/提名你任俱樂(lè)部秘書(shū)好不好？
③We’ve put the meeting forward by two days.
我們已把會(huì)議提前了兩天。
④Remember to put your clocks forward tonight.
記著今晚把時(shí)鐘指針往前撥。
易混辨析
put forward，come up，come up with
這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都有“提出”的意思。put forward作“提出”講，相當(dāng)于come up with，是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。come up為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“被提出”，主語(yǔ)通常是“建議、計(jì)劃等”的名詞。come up with作“提出”講，是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，但無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
12．完成句子
(1)會(huì)上提出了我們應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的建議。
The suggestion that we do something to protect the wild animals was _______ _______at the meeting.
答案：put forward
(2)我們已把婚禮提前了一周。
We’ve ________ the wedding ________ by one week.
答案：put；forward
(3)他們決定擱置雙方的分歧。
They decided to ________ ________ their differences.
答案：put aside
13. (2011年遼寧省大連市第一次模擬) The dustmen will go on strike if the demands they ________ are turned down.
A．could put forward B．would put forward
C．put forward D．had put forward
解析：選C。句意為：如果他們提出的要求遭到拒絕的話，環(huán)衛(wèi)工人將會(huì)繼續(xù)罷工。they put forward為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾demands。
14.Considered in all sides，the plan ________ by Miss Li is the best.
A．put on B．put away
C．put off D．put forward
解析：選D。句意為：結(jié)合各方面的因素，李女士提出的計(jì)劃是最好的。put forward提出(計(jì)劃、建議等)，其它選項(xiàng)與題意不符。
9.come across
(回歸課本P58)During their journey，the professor and his nephew come across the Central Sea，a big underground ocean.
在旅途中，那位教授和他的侄子遇見(jiàn)了the Central Sea，一個(gè)大的地下海洋。
歸納拓展
例句探源
①(牛津P386)She came across some old photographs in a drawer.她在抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了些舊照片。
②(朗文P384)Your point really came across at the meeting.
大家在會(huì)上確實(shí)理解了你的觀點(diǎn)。
③Some candidates simply do not come across well on screen.
有些侯選人在屏幕上給人的印象就是不好。
【溫馨提示】
表示“意外，偶然遇到”的短語(yǔ)還有：
happen to meet
chance to meet
meet with
meet sb./sth.by chance
meet sb./sth.by accident
【注意】 come across 后雖可跟賓語(yǔ)，但不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
15．用come相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空：
(1)It ________ ________ that he had been stealing from his friends.
答案：came out
(2)When she ________ ________ ________，she found herself lying in bed.
答案：came to herself
(3)I have just ________ ________ an old friend.
答案：come across
句型解析
1【教材原句】 Upon reaching the top of the mountain，a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced.(P42)
到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，觀眾會(huì)體驗(yàn)到一種愉快感和成就感。
【句法分析】 upon/on＋n./doing...表示“一……就……”。
On my arrival in Shanghai，I went to see him.
我一到上海就去看他。
表示“一……就……”的句型
as soon as/once＋從句
the moment/the minute＋從句
immediately/directly/instantly＋從句
no sooner...than/hardly...when/scarcely...when
16．一句多譯
我一到家就發(fā)現(xiàn)他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
_________________________________，
__________________________________，
___________________________________，
I discovered they had gone.
答案：(1)On/Upon arriving home (2)As soon as/The moment/The minute I arrived home (3)Immediately/Directly/Instantly I arrived home
2【教材原句】 Scared and cold，the Time Traveller starts back towards the present.(P58)
由于害怕和寒冷，時(shí)光旅行者動(dòng)身返回現(xiàn)代。
【句法分析】 scared and cold為形容詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。在描繪性文字中，形容詞(短語(yǔ))或形容詞化的分詞有時(shí)起狀語(yǔ)的作用，說(shuō)明主句所述的原因、時(shí)間或主語(yǔ)所處境況或意義增補(bǔ)。
(1)表原因
表原因的形容詞(短語(yǔ))或形容詞化的分詞多放在句首，句子的主語(yǔ)亦是其邏輯主語(yǔ)。表原因的形容詞(短語(yǔ))相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
①Thirsty and eager to have a rest，he went into a teahouse.
由于口渴，而且想要休息一下，他走進(jìn)了一家茶社。
(2)表時(shí)間
形容詞(短語(yǔ))表主句所述發(fā)生的時(shí)間，放在句首。其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
②Ripe(＝When they are ripe)，the oranges taste sweet.
這些橘子熟了時(shí)，味道甜美。
(3)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的境況或意義增補(bǔ)
形容詞(短語(yǔ))表示主語(yǔ)所處境況或意義增補(bǔ)時(shí)，常放在句末，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)和主句并列的句子。
③Holmes found the man lying on the floor，dead(＝and he was dead)．福爾摩斯發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)人躺在地板上，死了。
④They turned up safe and sound.
他們安然無(wú)恙地出現(xiàn)了。
17．He won the first prize in the English speech contest，________.
A．happy and relaxedly
B．happy and relaxed
C．happily and relaxedly
D．happily and relaxed
解析：選B�？疾樾稳菰~作狀語(yǔ)。此處用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)；而副詞作狀語(yǔ)多用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
作文指導(dǎo)
句式變換
1．非謂語(yǔ)和從句的變換
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞。使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在有限的空間內(nèi)容納更多的信息，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
【佳句選粹1】
【原文】【優(yōu)化】
It must be realized that people should be cautious when they decide which books they should choose to read since if they read bad books，it will be timewasting and harmful.It must be realized that people should be cautious deciding which books they should choose to read since reading bad books is timewasting and harmful.
【分析】 把“when they decide”改為“deciding”，if 條件從句改為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得更加緊湊，簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
【佳句選粹2】
【原文】【優(yōu)化】
Because I was ill，I didn’t go to the party . The party was organized by my classmates yesterday.Being ill，I didn’t go to the party which was organized by my classmates yesterday.
【分析】 把原句中的原因狀語(yǔ)從句用分詞的形式變換，又用了個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句把兩個(gè)句子連起來(lái)，使得句子更緊湊，更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變換
寫(xiě)作中，常使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句來(lái)達(dá)到突出重點(diǎn)的目的。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分。另外，英語(yǔ)中還經(jīng)常使用助動(dòng)詞do/does/did對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
【佳句選粹1】
【原文】【優(yōu)化】
I met a friend of mine in the street yesterday.It was in the street that I met a friend of mine yesterday.
【分析】 改成強(qiáng)調(diào)句后，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明是“in the street”而不是別的地方，句意的表達(dá)更加有力。
【佳句選粹2】
【原文】【優(yōu)化】
We should be careful when we cross the street.Do be careful when we cross the street.
【分析】 改成強(qiáng)調(diào)句后，語(yǔ)氣增強(qiáng)了，句意的表達(dá)更加有力，可翻譯為“過(guò)馬路時(shí)務(wù)必要小心”。
3.倒裝句的變換
句子成分在句子中都有一定的位置，但有時(shí)可以把某些句子成分前后倒置，以達(dá)到突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的或起到某種修飾作用。
英語(yǔ)中倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。部分倒裝在寫(xiě)作中比較常用，經(jīng)常由否定詞提前或“only＋狀語(yǔ)”提前引起。
【佳句選粹】
【原文】【優(yōu)化】
Everyone knows that we are busy all day . We know seldom what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.Everyone knows that we are busy all day.Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad，let alone what we can do for our country.
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