必修 4 Unit 1 Women of achievement
核心單詞
1. achievement
n.［C］成就；功績(jī);\[U\]實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成；達(dá)到
聯(lián)想拓展
achieve v.取得，實(shí)現(xiàn)
achieve an aim/a goal達(dá)到目標(biāo)
achieve success 獲得成功
He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements.
他因科學(xué)上取得的成就而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。
Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飛越大西洋是一個(gè)偉大的功績(jī)。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子（原創(chuàng)）
①?zèng)]有人民的支持，我們將一事無(wú)成。
Without the support of the people we can .
②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。
I have achieved only half of I hope to do.
③祝賀你獲得這樣完美的勝利。
Congratulations to you (介詞) such a complete victory.
答案: ① achieve nothing ②what ③ on achieving
2. behave
vi.舉止，行為，表現(xiàn)；（機(jī)器等）工作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)（常與well/badly等副詞連用）
vt.守規(guī)矩；舉止有禮
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
behave oneself 使某人自己舉止規(guī)矩
Behave yourself; don’t make a fool of yourself.
注意你的舉止, 別鬧出笑話(huà)。
How is your new car behaving? 你的新車(chē)性能如何？
聯(lián)想拓展
behaviour n. (人的)言行舉止，行為；（動(dòng)物）習(xí)性，自學(xué) 成才
behaviour towards/to... 對(duì)……的態(tài)度/行為
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
①David is quite well in school. He obeys the teachers and gets As in all his subjects.
（2009•11•東濰坊檢測(cè)）
A. Behaved B. concerned
C. Involved D. respected
(2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①父母讓孩子們?cè)诳腿嗣媲芭e止禮貌。
The parents asked the children to in front of the guests.
②她對(duì)這個(gè)孩子的良好行為感到高興。
She is pleased with the child’s .
解析：(1) 選A。be well behaved為固定搭配，意為“表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀”，聯(lián)系空后的內(nèi)容可知,A項(xiàng)最佳。
(2) ① behave well ②good behaviour
3. worthwhile
adj.值得做的；值得的，可用作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，其后可加to do/doing。
易混辨析
worth/worthy/worthwhile
worth 只能作表語(yǔ)，其后接錢(qián)數(shù)、名詞或及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式: be worth doing。
worthy可作表語(yǔ)，后接of+名詞/動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式/不定式的被動(dòng)形式: be worthy of+n./being done / to be done； 也可作定語(yǔ)，表示“值得……的；有價(jià)值的”。
worthwhile可作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ);a worthwhile job 一份值得做的工作。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：it is worthwhile to do/doing做某事是值得的。
a worthy winner 名副其實(shí)的贏(yíng)家
Buying the car at this price is not worthwhile.
以這樣的價(jià)格買(mǎi)車(chē)不值得。
Is it worthwhile making/ to make such an effort?
做這樣的努力值得嗎？
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空 （原創(chuàng)）
It was the trouble to settle the problem.
A. worth to take B. worthwhile taking
C. worth being taken D. worth taking
(2)選詞填空 (worthwhile/worth/worthy) （原創(chuàng)）
①This vase was five hundred francs at the most.
②Everybody has roots. It is to search for his roots.
③Their efforts are of your support.
④This book is well reading and it is of being read a second time.
解析:(1) 選B。worthwhile后可以跟動(dòng)名詞也可以跟不定式，而worth后面只可以跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)概念。
(2) ①worth ② worthwhile ③ worthy④ worth; worthy
4. respect
vt.尊敬；尊重
n.敬意;問(wèn)候
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
pay/give one’s respect to sb. 向某人致敬/問(wèn)候
have/show respect for sb. 尊敬某人
respecting = with respect to關(guān)于；就……而言
in all respects = in every respect 無(wú)論從哪方面看；
在各方面
We all should respect our parents and teachers.
我們都應(yīng)該尊敬我們的父母和老師。
r Smith always show respect to his children’s opinions.
史密斯先生總是很尊重孩子們的意見(jiàn)。
In respect to the content, the article is very good,but it is not satisfactory in other aspects.
就內(nèi)容而言，這篇很好，但在其他方面還不能令人滿(mǎn)意。
聯(lián)想拓展
respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;正派的;高尚的
respectful adj. 有禮貌的；恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的；分別的
respectively adv. 各自地；分別地
Oneˉway fares for adults and children were ＄18 and ＄5 respectively.
成人和兒童的單程車(chē)費(fèi)分別為18美元和5美元。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①請(qǐng)代我向你的父母致意。
Please your parents.
②我們的班主任是位可敬的人，我們都很尊敬她。
Our head teacher is a person, we all her.
答案:①give my respect to
②respectable; show/have respect for
5. argue
v.爭(zhēng)論，辯論;說(shuō)服；主張;認(rèn)為
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
argue with sb. about/over sth. 就某事和某人爭(zhēng)辯
argue sb. into/out of doing=persuade sb. to/not to do
=persuade sb. into/out of doing 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事
argue for/against 支持/反對(duì)
聯(lián)想拓展
argument n. 論點(diǎn)；爭(zhēng)論;論據(jù)
settle an argument 解決爭(zhēng)端
beyond argument 無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯
We argued that we should be paid more.
我們據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)自己應(yīng)該得到更高的薪水。
They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.
他們正就外交政策與官員們進(jìn)行辯論。
They argued the park into lowering the price.
他們說(shuō)服公園降了價(jià)。
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①我們總是就金錢(qián)的問(wèn)題而爭(zhēng)論。
We are always arguing each other money.
②他們說(shuō)服我買(mǎi)了輛新的自行車(chē)。
They argued me buying a new bike.
③他反對(duì)吸煙，而且堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為吸煙有害健康是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的事實(shí)。
He argued smoking, and insisted that it was argument that smoking was harmful to health.
答案: ① with; about/over ②into ③ against;beyond
6. inspire
vt.鼓舞；激勵(lì)；引發(fā)；賦予……靈感；激發(fā)
His speech inspired us. 他的發(fā)言鼓舞了我們。
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer.
美麗的景色使作曲家思泉涌。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
inspire sb. to sth. 鼓勵(lì)某人某事
inspire sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
(=encourage sb. to do sth.)
inspire sth. in sb.
(=inspire sb. with sth.) 使某人產(chǎn)生……；鼓勵(lì)某人……
The father inspired his son with confidence.
=The father inspired confidence in his son.
這位父親鼓勵(lì)兒子要自信。
聯(lián)想拓展
inspiration n. 靈感；啟發(fā)；鼓舞人的事或人
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有靈感的
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的;激勵(lì)的
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①老師的話(huà)使他產(chǎn)生了希望。
The teacher’s words .
=The teacher’s words .
②學(xué)生們都被這首振奮人心的歌曲所鼓舞。
The students were all by the song.
答案: ① inspired him with hope; inspired hope in him ② inspired; inspiring
7. intend
vt.&vi. ，打算
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
be intended for 專(zhuān)供……使用；專(zhuān)為……而設(shè)計(jì)
intend to do/doing 打算……
intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
This kind of bicycle is intended for people who are too short.
這種自行車(chē)是專(zhuān)為身材矮小的人設(shè)計(jì)的。
Today, I intend to finish reading this novel.
今天我打算讀完這本小說(shuō)。
I intend you to take over my career.
我打算讓你接管我的事業(yè)。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①The book, for her sister, was lost in the mail. （2010•01•江蘇南京檢測(cè)）
A. intended as pleasant surprise
B. intending as pleasant surprise
C. intended as a pleasant surprise
D. intending for pleasant surprise
②iss Wang had to catch the first bus, but she did’t get up early enough.
（2010•01•陜西西安質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）
A. Turned B. come C. intended D. promised
①解析：選C。intend sth. for sb.意為“為某人準(zhǔn)備某物”，book與intend之間呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)；surprise在這里用單數(shù)，表示“一個(gè)驚喜”。
②解析：選C。intend有“打算”的意思，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示“曾打算如此，但沒(méi)有做成”。
8. deliver
vt.接生(小孩)；遞送；發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等)
常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):
deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩
deliver sth. to...把某物送到……
The baby was delivered in a clinic.
孩子是在一個(gè)醫(yī)療站接生的。
Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech.
楊同志致了開(kāi)幕詞。
聯(lián)想拓展
delivery n. 送貨；交付
express delivery 快遞
on delivery 送達(dá)時(shí)；貨到時(shí)
高手過(guò)招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①一些新書(shū)已經(jīng)送到學(xué)校了。
Some new books have the school.
②演員用他溫柔的聲音。
The actor his speech a soft voice.
答案: ① been delivered; to ② delivered/gave; in
9. observe
vt. 觀(guān)察；觀(guān)測(cè)；遵守
She spent many year observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了許多年時(shí)間觀(guān)察和記錄他們的日常活動(dòng)。
常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
observe+名詞/代詞
賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（不帶to的不定式/動(dòng)詞?ing
形式）
that?從句/what?從句
I observed them enter/entering the shop.
我看到他們進(jìn)了/正走進(jìn)商店。
The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his little sister.
男孩觀(guān)察湯姆和他妹妹之間會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。
We should strictly observe the discipline.
我們要嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律。
聯(lián)想拓展
observer n. 觀(guān)察者
obstrvation n. 觀(guān)察
高手過(guò)招
翻譯句子
①我從未看過(guò)他做早操。
②我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。
答案: ① I have never observed him do morning exercises.
② We must observe the rule of road.
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
10. look down upon/on
蔑視；瞧不起
She looks down on people who’ve never been to university.
她瞧不起沒(méi)上過(guò)大學(xué)的人。
You can’t look down upon a person because he is poor.
你不能因?yàn)槟硞�(gè)人貧窮就瞧不起他。
I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work.
我希望你不要看不起這種工作。
聯(lián)想拓展
look on sb./ sth. as 把某人/某物看作……
=consider sb./ sth. as
look on 袖手旁觀(guān)；觀(guān)望
look into sth. 調(diào)查；觀(guān)察某事物
look up 查閱(單詞、資料)；向上看；好轉(zhuǎn)
look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人)
look out for sb./sth. 警惕或留心某人/某物
look back to 回顧；回憶
look about/around 環(huán)顧四周
look after 照料 ；照看
look forward to 盼望；期待
look for 尋找
look like 看起像
look over 檢查；檢閱
look through 瀏覽；檢查
look up to 尊敬
高手過(guò)招
(1)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①He was (被人看不起) because of his humble background.
②He is (被認(rèn)為是) the leading authority on the subject.
③If you want to know how a word is used, it (查閱） in a dictionary.
(2)選詞填空(look up/look down on/look forward to/look into)
（原創(chuàng)）
①I(mǎi)’m going to your party.
②The police have received the complaint, and they are it.
③We should not manual labour.
④Please these words in your dictionary.
答案: (1) ①looked down on ②looked on as
③look; up
(2) ① looking forward to ② looking into
③ look down on ④ look up
11. refer to
談到；查閱；參考；查詢(xún)；提及；指……而言
聯(lián)想拓展
refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物稱(chēng)作
refer sth. to 把某事提交
refer sb. to 讓某人向……求助
易混辨析
refer to/consult/look up
refer to和consult都可作“查閱（詞典、參考書(shū)等）”講，表此意時(shí)兩詞可以互換。
look up 意為“（在詞典、時(shí)刻表等中）查找……”。
We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
我們同意不再談?wù)撨@事了。
She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking.
當(dāng)我們談話(huà)時(shí)她以為我指的是她的女兒。
高手過(guò)招
(1)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①Although she didn’t mention any names, everyone kneho she was (談到).
②He gave the speech (沒(méi)有參閱) his notes.
③He likes to (被稱(chēng)為) “Doctor hee”.
④y doctor me (向……求助) a hospital specialist.
(2)單項(xiàng)填空
①The professor at the meeting will give us a lecture next week. （2010•01•東青州二中模塊檢測(cè)）
A. Referred B. referred to
C. Referring D. referring to
②If you are not sure of the meaning of this word, you can the dictionary. （2010•浙江蕭質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）
A. refer to B. look up
C. See D. make use of
③During his stay in our college, he often began his talk by this past experience as a soldier.
（2010•01•江西南昌檢測(cè)）
A. turning to B. referring to
C. sticking to D. speaking to
④Using a long stick, the teacher a place on the map and asked the children to name it. （2010•01•江蘇啟東檢測(cè)）
A. got down to B. pointed to
C. referred to D. came to
(1) ①referring to ②without referring to ③ be referred to as ④ referred; to
(2) ① 解析：選B。句意為：在會(huì)議上被提到的那位教授下周將給我們作一次講座。用refer to的過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。
② 解析：選A。refer to在句中作“查閱”講，B項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為look up the word in the dictionary。
③ 解析：選B。考查詞義辨析。turn to的意思是“求助于”，但其賓語(yǔ)是人，不可以是物；refer to的意思是“參考；查詢(xún)；談到；提到”；stick to的意思是“堅(jiān)持”。
④ 解析：選B。 考查短語(yǔ)辨析。get down to的意思是“開(kāi)始；著手”，后跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞；point to的意思是“指著；指向”；refer to的意思是“參考；提到”；come to的意思是“達(dá)到”。
12. come across
=run across=meet by chance (偶然) 遇見(jiàn)；碰見(jiàn)
聯(lián)想拓展
come about = happen 發(fā)生
come from 自
come out 出現(xiàn)；開(kāi)花；出版或發(fā)表；透露；顯出
come up 升起；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)
come up with sth. 找到或提出（答案?辦法等）
come to 談到；涉及
I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰見(jiàn)一位老校友。
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在一個(gè)抽屜里偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊照片。
高手過(guò)招
(1)單項(xiàng)填空
r Brown, could you tell me how the differences between American English and British English ? （2010•01•東濟(jì)南檢測(cè)）
A. came about B. came to
C. came up D. came across
(2)用come短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①I(mǎi) some neords while reading.
②His new book will next month.
③She a new idea for increasing sales.
④Can you tell me how the accident ?
⑤How did it that he knehere we were?
(1)解析：選A�？疾樵~義辨析。come about意為“產(chǎn)生”，符合句意；come to意為“達(dá)到（某個(gè)數(shù)字）”；come across意為“偶然遇到；從……上走”；come up意為“到”。
(2)① came across ②come out ③came up with ④came about ⑤come about
13. carry on
繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持
Let’s carry on our homework.
讓我們繼續(xù)做我們的家庭作業(yè)。
We must carry on until the rescue team arrived.
我們必須堅(jiān)持下去直到救援隊(duì)到。
聯(lián)想拓展
carry out 執(zhí)行；實(shí)施
carry away 帶走；沖走
carry off 奪去
We will carry out the plan as soon as it is made.
這個(gè)一制定出，我們就會(huì)執(zhí)行。
We planted many trees to stop the water from carrying away the soil. 我們種這么多樹(shù)的目的是阻止土壤流失。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
Do you mind if I with my work while you are getting tea ready.
（2010•01•東勝利一中檢測(cè)）
carry out B. come on
C. carry on D. go over
解析：選C。carry on 在這里是“繼續(xù)下去”的意思。A項(xiàng)有一定干擾性。 carry out 也有“進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展”的意思，然而carry on為不及物動(dòng)詞，而 carry out為及物動(dòng)詞。
重點(diǎn)句型
14. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母親頭幾個(gè)月幫她的忙，這才使她得以開(kāi)始自己的計(jì)劃。
“only+狀語(yǔ)”放在句首時(shí)，主句部分要用部分倒裝，即：將助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前。但“only+主語(yǔ)”放在句首時(shí)，主句不倒裝。
Only in this way can we learn English better.
只有這樣，我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
Only then did I remember that I had left my cell phone in the restaurant.到那時(shí)我才記起我把手機(jī)忘在餐館里了。
Only when um is sick will she stay in bed.
只有生病的時(shí)候媽媽才會(huì)臥床休息。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①Only then how much damage had been caused. （原創(chuàng)）
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
② by keeping down cost will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
（2010•01•安徽合肥高三檢測(cè)）
Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
①解析：選D�！皁nly+狀語(yǔ)”放在句首時(shí)，主句部分要用部分倒裝，再根據(jù)時(shí)間then判斷，主句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以選D。
②解析：選A。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有“only+狀語(yǔ)”放在句首時(shí)，主句才用部分倒裝。
15. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.
40年，簡(jiǎn)•古道爾一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重這些動(dòng)物的生活。
本句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，即“has/have been doing”，表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會(huì)再進(jìn)行下去。
—What have you been doing?
你一直在做什么？
—I have been practising the piano.
我一直在練習(xí)彈鋼琴。
高手過(guò)招
單項(xiàng)填空
①—Hi, Fracy, you look tired.
—I ?m tired. I the living room all day.
Painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
②New that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering
C. Considered D. is going to consider
①解析：選C。答句句意為：我一整天都在給起居室刷油漆。表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
②解析：選B。句意為：露西現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有工作，她在考慮回學(xué)校，但她依然沒(méi)有做決定。表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
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