教學(xué)目標(biāo)
一、熟練讀寫能夠運(yùn)用下面的詞匯：
flat, silly, downtown, tail, standard, postman, mailbox, sex, high; department store, keep up, show off, high-rise block
二、學(xué)會運(yùn)用及掌握如下句型：
1.1 suggest(ed) you (should) do. . .
2. It’s much +比較級+ to do. . . than to do. . .
3. This helps to keep the cold out.
4. It’s a different matter for sth.
5. Hibernation is more than sleep. 6. The squirrel was usually described as a good animal.
三、系統(tǒng)歸納準(zhǔn)確熟練運(yùn)用Unit 7～Unit 11 出現(xiàn)過的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，重點(diǎn) 構(gòu)詞法，不定式的用法和動詞時態(tài)及間接引語。另外Unit 7 ～Unit 11 出現(xiàn)過的日常交際用語，歸納有關(guān)建議的各種句型
四、靈活運(yùn)用交際用語：
You’d better( not)... You should/ought to. . .
You need (to). . . You could...
I suggest you (should). Shall we. . . ?
Let's... . What/How about. . . ?
Why not. . . ? Why don't we / you. . . ?
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)教法：
本單元日常交際用語的重點(diǎn)是讓掌握向他人提出建議和忠告的方式。第45課第二部分已給出的短語和句型足以滿足在實(shí)際閱讀及寫作中的需要，因此應(yīng)從熟練運(yùn)用的角度對進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)和要求。例如清楚區(qū)分每種句型和表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確含義及用法，搭配�？梢砸髮W(xué)生做適當(dāng)?shù)木涫睫D(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)，造句練習(xí)等。
2.本單元閱讀文章為有關(guān)冬眠的科普短文。從文章所用語言來看，較為平易，淺顯，然而其中也有因闡明事理的需要而出現(xiàn)的長句，難句，教師要對此進(jìn)行專門的分析，講解。此外，教師還可以從愛好(如養(yǎng)小動物)及愛護(hù)動物的角度適度擴(kuò)展與課文相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，來達(dá)到了解掌握科學(xué)知識并能夠?qū)W以致用的目的。
詞語辨析：
1.weather和climate
weather 意為“天氣”，為不可數(shù)名詞，不能在前面加不定冠詞，如我們只能說in such fine weather , 而不能說in such a fine weather。如：
The weather has changed. 天氣變了。
【注意】weather前雖不可加不定冠詞，但在表示“各種各樣的天氣”，或“不論哪種天氣”時，weather用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
She goes out in all weathers.
weather 指某特定地區(qū)在一定時間的氣象情況。
climate 指一般比較長的時間，如一季的天氣狀況。
A drier climate would be good for her health.氣候干燥的地區(qū)會對他的有益。
2.cause 和reason
cause 用作及物動詞，意為“引起、使產(chǎn)生、給……帶來。”例如：
What caused the accident?
是什么引起這個事故的?
cause 用作名詞，意為“原因，理由”。例如：
Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.
造成火災(zāi)的原因通常是不謹(jǐn)慎。
cause 是造成一種事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象的“原因”，
Heat is the cause of the expansion of matter.熱是物體膨脹的原因。
reason 是說明一種看法或行為的“理由”。例如：
You must tell him the reason why you won’t accept his offer.
你必須告訴他你為何拒絕他的提議。
3.deep, deeply
deep可作形容詞，表示“深的”，又可作副詞，表示“深深地”。這里是具體意義的“深”。
The river is very deep here. (deep是形容詞)
He pushed his stick deep into the mud. (deep是副詞)
在一些固定的搭配中使用deep, 尤其在介詞詞組前。如：
be deep in debt 債臺高筑
be deep in thought 深入沉思
do sth. deep into the night 一直做到深夜
deeply是deep后綴-ly構(gòu)成副詞, 使用時一般具有抽象含義，意為“深深地，深厚地，深切地”。如：
We are deeply grateful for your help. 我們非常感謝你的幫助。
4.fly away 與fly off
1)它們倆都可表示“匆匆離去(飛去)”之意，但有一些差別。fly away距離較遠(yuǎn)，而fly off指距離較近。
Then they flew away into their hiding place.
后來他們竄回到他們躲藏的地方去了。
When he was driving very fast, one of the wheels of his wagon flew off.
他正把車開得飛快，一只輪子突然脫落了。
2)away是副詞，off既可作副詞，也可作介詞。off后可跟賓語，away后則不可。如：
The bird shook its tail and flew away. 那只鳥搖著尾巴飛走了。
【注意】把動詞keep, run, walk, move等后面加上away或off, 其區(qū)別與上述所談類似。如：
What kept you away last Sunday? 上星期日你為什么沒來?
Keep off the grass! 勿踏草地!
Lesson 46 教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案(一)
Step 1 Lead – in
(Show some pictures to attract the Ss’ interests about the text.)
Step 2 Reading:
A.Ask the Ss to do some “True or False” exercises
1. Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold; some animals hibernate in the cold wather.(True)
2. Animals hibernate only in the earth. (False)
3. None of the warm-blooded animals need to hibernate because they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather. (True)
4. A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any pain. (False)
B.Questions and answers:
1. Why don’t some warm-blooded animals hibernate in the winter?
(lead an active life, keep up, normal body temperature)
2. Why do cold-blooded animals hibernate?
(When the air temperature, below freezing, body temperature, drop, cannot move about; almost no food in the winter)
3. How would you recognize that an animal is hibernating?
C.Reading comprehension:
1.The text mainly tells us that ________.
A .hibernation is more than sleep
B. warm-blooded animals will do things different from cold-blooded animals in winter
C. some animals live through the winter by hibernation or half-hibernation
D. animals use different ways to protect themselves against the cold (key: C)
2. Why do some animals sleep under the snow?
A. Because they prefer the cold air in the snow.
B. Because the air in loose snow will help to keep the cold out.
C. Because they can adjust(調(diào)節(jié))their body temperature there to fit for the cold weather.
D. Because they are warm-blooded animals. (key: B)
3. Which sentence carries the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Sentence 1. B. Sentence 2. C. Sentence 3. D. Sentence 4. (key: A)
4. Why can the wolf keep awake in winter?
A. Because it is a cold-blooded animal.
B Because it prefers moving by nature.
C. Because it can keep up its normal body temperature even in cold weather.
D. Because it has to go hunting as a result of lack of food for the winter. (key: C)
5. Why do frogs go to sleep under the mud in winter?
A. Because they can escape from their enemies under the mud and the air there will keep the cold out.
B. Because the air under the mud will keep the cold out and it is comfortable there.
C. Because they feel comfortable there and they can get food easily.
D. Because they have enough to eat there . (key: D)
6. We will know an animal is hibernating if _______
A. it touches cold and is breathing very slowly
B. it is sensitive to pain
C. its temperature drops to below zero centigrade
D. it does not move (key: A)
7. Why can a hibernating animal manage to live through the winter?
A. Because it hardly makes any movement and breathes very slowly and it has enough fat stored in its body.
B. Because it has already stored supplies of fat in its body.
C. Because it will not use energy while sleeping since they never make any movement then.
D. Because it doesn’t breathe at all. (key: A)
8.Why does the bear stop hibernating on warm winter days?
A. Because the warmth makes it think the winter has gone.
B. Because it has to eat some food for the next long sleep.
C. Because it feels cold and wants to warm itself up on warm winter days.
D. Because it is going to hunt something on warm winter days. (key: A)
9. Why does a squirrel hide nuts before the beginning of winter?
A. Because it will eat a lot in winter to keep warm.
B. Because it is hard to find food in winter.
C. Because it needs to eat a lot to hibernate.
D. Because it needs nuts to fight against its enemies. (key: B)
10. We human beings are able to keep the cold out because ________
A. we are warm-blooded
B. we are clever enough to build houses and to wear clothes
C. we are cold-blooded, and we do not need to hibernate
D. for human beings, hibernation will use more energy (key: A)
Step3:language points:
本單元重點(diǎn)句型
(1)Hibernation is more than sleep.
(2)People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead.
(3)You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.
(4)Hibernating in that way, the animals can sleep all through the winter.
(5) The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food—to supply the energy for movements.
(6) We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level.
(7) The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.
(8)Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.
難句解析：
1.They go to sleep in all kinds of places.它們到各種各樣的地方去睡覺。
go to sleep，fall asleep與sleep，這三個詞(組)都有“睡著”之意。go to sleep意思是“睡著，去睡覺”，fall asleep意思是“睡著了，酣睡”，它們都表瞬間動作，如表持續(xù)性動作或延續(xù)性狀態(tài)，要用動詞sleep。e.g.
①I found it very difficult to go to sleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難人睡。
②Soon he fell asleep，for he was very tired.他很累，很快就睡著了。
③we have slept(for) eight hours.我們已睡了八個小時。
2.They lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.
他們生活得很活躍，即使在嚴(yán)寒的冬天也能保持正常的體溫。
習(xí)慣用法
(2)keep up保持，維持，繼續(xù)，e.g.
① Let s hope the sunny weather keeps up for Saturday s tennis match.
但愿星期六網(wǎng)球比賽時還是這樣的好天氣。
②We。Are having difficulty keeping up。our。mortgage payments.我們難以繼續(xù)支付分期償還的抵押貨款。
③If you want to be a performer，you 11 have to keep up your piano.如果你真想成為演奏家，就得堅(jiān)持練習(xí)鋼琴.
3.Then it as no choice but to lie down and sleep.于是，別無選擇，它們只好躺下睡覺。
have no choice but to do表“別無選擇”之意。e.g.
Have I any choice but to do as you tell me? 除了按你吩咐的去做外，我還有別的選擇嗎?
表示“別無選擇只好做……”之意，除了可用 have no choice but to do…來表達(dá)外，還可用下列固定搭配：
(l)can do nothing but do/can not do anything but do，e.g.
I can do nothing but accept his demand.我只好接受他的要求。
(2)there is nothing left to do but do…，e.g.
There was nothing left for her to do but cry.她別無它法，只有哭。
(3)can’t but do…，e.g.
I could not but admit that he was right and。I was wrong.我不得不承認(rèn)他對了，我錯了。
疑難點(diǎn)撥：
1.Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不僅僅是睡眠。
句中的more than相當(dāng)于 not only。意為“不僅僅”。e.g.
He is。more a teacher.He is a good friend of mine。他不只是，還是我的益友。
2.People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead..人們看到處于冬眠狀態(tài)的動物，常常以為它們死了。
這是一個復(fù)合句。
(l)who-clause是定語從句修飾people，that-clause是賓語從句作think的賓語。
(2)asleep是表語形容詞，在句中一般只作表語，賓補(bǔ)，或后置定語，這樣的形容詞還有alive，alike，alone，awake等。
3.You can touch it, or even pull its tail without causing it to move or wake up. 你可以摸它，甚至可以拉它的尾巴，這也不會使它動一動或醒過來。
這個句子可改寫成：Even if you touch it or pull its tail，you can’t cause it move or wake up.
4. Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter.
用那種方式冬眠，動物可以睡過整過冬天。
句中的 hibernating in that way是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于as they hibernate in that way。
5.We have seen that hibernating animal reduces movements to far below the ordinary level..
冬眠動物的活動量減少到遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于一般水平。
(1)句中的 far below意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于，比……低得多”。e.g.
In winter the temperature of Harbin is far below that of Wuhan.
冬天哈爾濱的氣溫比武漢的低得多。
(2)句中的reduce..to作“減少，使處于……狀態(tài)”解。e.g 高一.
① The house was reduced to ashes by the big fire.那場大火把屋子化為灰燼。
②The man was reduced to begging for food.那男人淪落到討飯的地步。
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