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定語從句

I. 定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數的一致。

關系詞

先行詞

從句成分

例句

備注

關系代詞

who

人

主語

Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，常可以省略，但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that

whom

人

賓語

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

whose

人，物

定語

I like those books whose topics are about history.

The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

that

人，物

主語，賓語

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which

物

主語，賓語

The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

as

人，物

主語，賓語

He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做賓語一般不省略

關系副詞

when

時間

時間狀語

I will never forget the day when we met there.

可用on which

where

地點

地點狀語

This is the house where I was born.

可用in which

why

原因

原因狀語

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.

可用for which

II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：

情況

用法說明

例句

只用that的情況

1． 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時。

2． 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時

3． 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時

4． 先行詞既指人又指物時

5． 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時

6． 句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時

1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5.He is the only man that I want to see.

6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom的情況

1． 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

2． 在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

3． 先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。

He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

III. as與which的區(qū)別：

定語從句

區(qū)別

例句

限制性定語從句中

名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關系代詞用as,不能用which

He is not such a fool as he looks.

Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

非限制性定語從句中

as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。

They won the game, as we had expected.

They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

IV. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

類別

意義及特征

例句

限制性定語從句

對先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。

The accident happened at the time when I left.

非限制性定語從句　

對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當于一個插入語，不能用that引導，關系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。

His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago