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本文題目：高中英語(yǔ)閱讀技巧：理解作者的意圖
在英語(yǔ)考試中，閱讀理解往往是決定成敗的關(guān)鍵，巧解閱讀理解中關(guān)于作者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的問(wèn)題是在閱讀理解中取勝的關(guān)鍵法寶。
作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題就是指針對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度和對(duì)事件的評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)問(wèn)的閱讀理解題目。作者在文章中不僅客觀地進(jìn)行敘述和說(shuō)明，往往還持有某種態(tài)度，如對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)或贊同或反對(duì)，或肯定或批評(píng)。因此這類題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、感情、態(tài)度、寫(xiě)作目的和意圖的理解能力。
作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度除了直接表達(dá)外，還經(jīng)常在文章中間接表達(dá)出來(lái)。考生可以通過(guò)全文的敘述，從文章的主要內(nèi)容去理解作者的觀點(diǎn);有時(shí)作者也會(huì)在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達(dá)自己的思想感情。同學(xué)們要從文章中的用詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞�(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述來(lái)推斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。
觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的題干形式：作者態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題考查目標(biāo)比較明確，題干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語(yǔ)。這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度和寫(xiě)作意圖外，有的還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)廈題的題干主要有以下幾種形式：
1) What is the purpose of the text?/The purpose of the passage is to .
2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?
3) What's the author's attitude towards…?
4) Who are the intended readers of the passage?
5) What does the author mean by saying "…"?
6) From the…paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us?
作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題方法：作者的態(tài)度和立場(chǎng)一般分為三大類：支持、贊同、樂(lè)觀;客觀、中立;反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。同學(xué)們除了可以通過(guò)在文中尋找?guī)в懈星樯实脑~來(lái)判斷作者的態(tài)度外，有時(shí)還需要綜合運(yùn)用一些閱讀方法，如：根據(jù)文章中與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)做出判斷，根據(jù)作者提供的例證推斷其暗示的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)，有時(shí)還需要同學(xué)們通讀全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正確選擇。下面我們以2008年部分省市高考題為例，具體分析作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的解題方法。
例1：
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全國(guó)卷I A篇)
58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C. Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
【解析】本題問(wèn)作者對(duì)父親的看法。A.更挑剔了;B.更健談了;C.溫和而友好;D.嚴(yán)厲而且勤奮。此題需要從文章的細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)著手找到答案。根據(jù)"Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules"和"…who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around"這兩句可推知作者感覺(jué)父親不像從前那么嚴(yán)厲、難以相處了，父親現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)友好而且有趣。答案選C。
例2：
People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館)….
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. …A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. …The most difficult part is to control your fear….
Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (2008年安徽卷C篇)
67. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell people where to find gyms.
B. To prove the basic need for climbing.
C. To encourage people to climb mountains.
D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.
【解析】題目問(wèn)作者的寫(xiě)作目的，這在文章中并沒(méi)有指明，需要同學(xué)們通讀全文來(lái)把握文章大意。從全文來(lái)看，本文主要講述的是攀登運(yùn)動(dòng)越來(lái)越受到人們的青睞，但也需要訓(xùn)練，詳盡地介紹了對(duì)身體有益的室內(nèi)攀登運(yùn)動(dòng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)對(duì)作者寫(xiě)作意圖表述如下：A.告訴人們哪里有體育館;B.證明人們對(duì)攀登有著最基本的需求;c.鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)サ巧?D.介紹室內(nèi)攀登這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)A不是文章的主題;選項(xiàng)B在文章結(jié)尾段雖有涉及，但也算不上是主要內(nèi)容;作者雖然提及了攀登的好處，但并未明確鼓勵(lì)人們參與此項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此C不正確。答案為D。
例3：
The number of married women who want to continue working increases rapidly because they enjoy their jobs. However, if they want to have children, they immediately have serious problems. Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. Indeed, women who want to continue working have to choose between having children or keeping their jobs.
In a word, Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible. (2008年安徽卷E篇)
75. The writer seems to believe that Asian governments should .
A. let women stay at home and have a baby
B. allow one of the parents to go out to work
C. care for the growing needs of women for jobs
D. punish the companies that permit women to leave
【解析】題目問(wèn)作者在亞洲政府對(duì)女性就業(yè)這一問(wèn)題上給出了什么建議。A.讓女性回歸家庭生兒育女;B.允許父母中的一個(gè)外出工作;C.對(duì)女性在工作方面的需求多加關(guān)注;D.懲罰那些允許女性離職的公司。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話"Indeed, women who…or keeping their jobs"及最后一段可知女性所面臨的實(shí)際困難，所以亞洲各國(guó)政府應(yīng)該采取一些措施改變這一現(xiàn)狀來(lái)避免出現(xiàn)更多的DINK家庭，而最有效的措施是C項(xiàng)。
例4：
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)
54. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
【解析】本段講述了作者通過(guò)親自參加jogging(慢跑)鍛煉，體會(huì)到j(luò)ogging并不像人們想象中的那么好，他認(rèn)為自己的鍛煉方式也可以達(dá)到健身的目的。題目問(wèn)作者起初對(duì)慢跑的看法如何。A.他認(rèn)為值得一試;B.他非常喜歡這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng);C.他極力反對(duì)這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng);D.他認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)非常痛苦。從"I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could."和"So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more."兩句，我們可以看出作者起初對(duì)慢跑并無(wú)排斥心理，而且認(rèn)為值得一試，A項(xiàng)較符合作者的態(tài)度。
例5：
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008年天津卷E篇)
55. How does the author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.
【解析】題目問(wèn)作者如何評(píng)價(jià)自己的童年。A.快樂(lè)卻短暫;B.孤單卻值得回憶;C.乏味、無(wú)趣;D.漫長(zhǎng)而又難忘。根據(jù)"It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end."和 下句"In March…,"以及下句"…and all of a sudden it occurred to a11 three of us…high school cafeteria"可以看出作者是在慨嘆童年時(shí)光快樂(lè)卻短暫。答案選A。
高考閱讀理解設(shè)題越來(lái)越靈活。題目難度也逐年增加，作者的態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)已不僅僅局限在"是與非"、"支持與反對(duì)"、"樂(lè)觀與悲觀"的選擇上，而是加入了更多對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)和主旨大意理解的要求。解答這類題的時(shí)候，同學(xué)們要注意題目的提問(wèn)方法是否有明確的針對(duì)性。即是針對(duì)文章中的一部分進(jìn)行設(shè)題。還是對(duì)全文的寫(xiě)作目的或意圖進(jìn)行考查。結(jié)合多種閱讀技巧有助于同學(xué)們做出正確選擇。
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