【讀者按】先抓主干，找出復(fù)雜句中最核心的主謂賓語(yǔ)，再層層擴(kuò)展。那么我們?cè)撛趺撮喿x呢？該怎么樣理解呢？下面看看編輯的“英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)”
知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
復(fù)習(xí)策略：
1、真題精讀法
保證自己：1)沒(méi)有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)難句 2)沒(méi)有一個(gè)生詞 3)每個(gè)題能如何定位到原文
2、快速多變復(fù)習(xí)單詞(快速多次)
3、定量、定范圍閱讀(五篇45分鐘)
做題策略：
一、時(shí)間安排1:1(讀文章和做題的時(shí)間安排是平均的)
二、解題步驟四步走
1、掃描題干，劃出關(guān)鍵詞
2、通讀全文，抓住中心
1)通讀全文
a.首段原則：文章的第一段逐字讀明白，可以反復(fù)和回讀
b.首末句原則：其余各段的段首、段尾句要細(xì)讀，其他各句保持正常閱讀
2)抓住中心
a. what’s the main idea of the passage?
b. 文章中有無(wú)提到核心概念
c. 作者大致態(tài)度
3、仔細(xì)審題，返回原文(定位)
1)關(guān)鍵詞定位原則：由題干出發(fā)，尋找題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，首選是大寫(xiě)字母、數(shù)字等，其次是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物的詞
2) 自然段定位原則：
3) 長(zhǎng)難句定位原則：
4)重疊選項(xiàng)，斟酌答案
常見(jiàn)考法
如何解析長(zhǎng)難句
1.從句又多又長(zhǎng)：一個(gè)主句帶多個(gè)從句，從句中又含有從句
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：先抓主干，找出復(fù)雜句中最核心的主謂賓語(yǔ)，再層層擴(kuò)展
2.句子中帶有長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的插入成分，用插入語(yǔ)來(lái)交待某句話是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的、或者是說(shuō)話人的身份、或者是解釋、說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：理解句子主干時(shí)，可以先不要理會(huì)插入語(yǔ)，先把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分。
3、分詞狀語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的干擾
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是獨(dú)立的謂語(yǔ)部分。一個(gè)看似句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的謂語(yǔ)部分，它就不是句子，而是分詞短語(yǔ)或獨(dú)立主格，可跳過(guò)不看。
4.通常情況是三種情況的混合
應(yīng)對(duì)方法：從前向后，抓住獨(dú)立的謂語(yǔ)部分，從而區(qū)分出主語(yǔ)和分詞狀語(yǔ)。再根據(jù)從句的連接詞，區(qū)分出主語(yǔ)和從句，層層擴(kuò)展理解，插入語(yǔ)在哪個(gè)層次，就放在哪個(gè)層次中理解。
5.通常情況下長(zhǎng)難句的基本語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
1) 形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)2) 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)3) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句4) 同位語(yǔ)從句5) 倒裝6) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣7) 省略
誤區(qū)提醒
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(癡呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷爾蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老癡呆癥). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改變) to the brain.”
4. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?
A. Some researchers have told them.
B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats.
D. They know it through their own experience.
5. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?
A. Baby rats. B. Animals. C. Old rats. D. Grown-up rats.
6. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?
A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy.
C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.
7. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.
B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.
C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.
8. Which title is the best for this passage?
A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter
C. Mysterious Hormones
D. An Important Study
本文介紹了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：母性特點(diǎn)能使婦女變得更加聰明靈敏。
4. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Tests on rats show… 可知科學(xué)家是通過(guò)做老鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的。
5. A。詞義猜測(cè)題。后面的對(duì)比who have no babies，實(shí)際上提供了一個(gè)相反的情況，所以我們可以推測(cè)those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“剛出生不久的小老鼠”。
6. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第 3 段中的 …the hormones of pregnancy(懷孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。
7. C。句意理解題。科學(xué)家通過(guò)用老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)明人的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)槿撕屠鲜蠖紝儆诓溉閯?dòng)物，很多生理機(jī)能都相同。
8. B。主旨題。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主題句，據(jù)此我們可以得出答案。
數(shù)學(xué)）
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