2012屆高考英語頂尖學案：新課標人教版
Unit 5 The power of nature 大自然的力量
核心詞匯
1．She was hit on the head by a stone and knocked ____________(無意識的)
2．My time is ____________(珍貴的)；I can only give you a few minutes.
3．When he came out of the water，he was____________(顫抖)with cold.
4. She got into a ____________(驚慌)when she found she had lost her necklace.
5．Interest is the best teacher，and a lack of interest is a ____________(保證)of failure.
6．A number of ____________(可能的) buyers have expressed interest in the company and placed orders for some of its products.
7．The Big Island is home to one of the most active volcanoes in the world.It has ____________(爆發(fā))a total of 40 times since 1924.
8．Tom made a big___________in his business，but___________，he went bankrupt because of his careless investment.(unfortunate)
9．He was____________ to leave and he could not hide his ____________.(anxious)
10．People from____________ cultures hold different understanding on the play and this ____________of opinions makes it hard to reach an agreement at the meeting.(diversity)
1.unconscious 2.precious 3.trembling 4.panic 5.guarantee 6.potential 7.erupted 8.fortune；unfortunately 9.anxious；anxiety 10.diverse；diversity
高頻短語
1．________________ 前往
2．________________ 匆匆看一遍
3．________________ 由……到……不等
4．________________ 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生
5．________________ 與……相比
6．________________ 保護……免受……傷害
7．________________ 被委派為……
8．________________ 全部焚毀
9．________________ 即將做某事；馬上就要做某事
10．________________ 查閱，參考，指的是
1. make one’s way 2.glance through 3.vary from...to... 4.give birth to 5.be compared with... 6.protect...from...7.be appointed as 8.burn to the ground 9.be about to do sth. 10.refer to
重點句式
1．________________this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。
2．I_______________ go back to sleep ________ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我剛要再睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。
3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but ____________________，I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
4．________________________ the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
收集和評估這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家一起預測熔巖接著將往何處流，流速是多少。
1.It is said that 2.was about to；when 3.this being my first experience 4.Having collected and evaluated
知識詳解
1appoint vt. 任命，委派；約定，指定，安排
(回歸課本P34)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago.
二十年前我被任命為火山學家，在夏威夷火山觀測站工作。
14
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P82)They have appointed a new headmaster at my son’s school.
我兒子讀書的學校任命了一位新校長。
②(牛津P82)They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.他們?nèi)蚊麨橛⒏裉m隊隊長。
③The time appointed for the meeting was 10∶30.
規(guī)定開會的時間是10點30分。
④(牛津P82)She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她為兒子約定了看醫(yī)生的時間。
[即境活用]
1．我們在考慮指定他當秘書。
We are considering ________ ________ ________ act as secretary.
答案：appointing him to
2 suit v． 適合某人；對(某人)方便
(回歸課本P34) We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves.
我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2022)If we met at 2，would that suit you?
我們兩點鐘見面，你方便嗎？
②(牛津P2022)If you want to go by bus，that suits me fine.
要是你想坐公共汽車，那對我也合適。
③A good teacher suits his lesson to the age of his pupils.
一位優(yōu)秀的老師應(yīng)使他講的課適合學生的年齡。
[易混辨析]
fit，suit，match
(1)fit多指衣服等尺寸、大小合身，合適。
(2)suit指衣服等顏色、款式、花樣適合。
(3)match意為“使相稱，使相配，使匹配”，指事物在大小、色調(diào)、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
①I tried the dress on but it didn’t fit.It was too small.
②In my opinion，red suits you very well.
③Her clothes don’t match her age.
[即境活用]
2．Her shoes________her dress；they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．Compare D．match
解析：選D。句意：她的鞋和衣服很搭配，二者搭配看起來很不錯。本題考查近義詞辨析。suit是指顏色、花樣或款式等相配；fit是大小、尺寸等合適；compare比較；match指兩個東西相稱、匹配。
3．?How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
?That________me fine.
A．fits B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
解析：選D。本題考查動詞詞義辨析。fit多指“(大小、尺寸等)適合，吻合”；suit多指“合乎需要、口味、條件等”；meet，satisfy常表示“滿足(需要)，符合(要求)”。
3panic vi.& vt. (使人或動物)受驚；驚慌(panicked/panicking)
n． 驚慌；恐慌
(回歸課本P38)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1478)Lisa panicked when she heard she might be fired.
莉薩聽說自己可能會被解雇后驚慌失措。
②(牛津P1440)There is no point getting into a panic about the exams.
對考試驚慌失措是沒有用的。
③(朗文P1478)Small business owners are in a panic over whether they will survive.
小企業(yè)主們不知道自己能否生存下去，因此惶恐不安。
④The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started.
一發(fā)生火災(zāi)，觀眾頓時陷入一片慌亂之中。
[即境活用]
4．完成句子
(1)看到廚房冒煙，我頓時驚慌失措。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ when I saw smoke coming out of the kitchen.
答案：got into a panic
(2)處于驚恐狀態(tài)的人往往會做出蠢事來。
Often people ________ ________ ________ do foolish things.
答案：in a panic
4guarantee
vt. 保證……免受損失或傷害；確�！�
n． 保證；保證書
(回歸課本P39)If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one，don’t forget to drop a coin into the clear blue water to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
如果你有幸和你的愛人一起游覽天池，不要忘了向清澈、湛藍的湖中投入一枚硬幣來保證你們的愛情像湖水一樣幽深而長久。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P919)Even if you complete your training.I can’t guarantee you a job.
即使你接受完培訓，我也不能擔保你會有工作。
②(朗文P919)The plan would guarantee health care to all Americans.
這項計劃將保證所有美國人都能享受醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。
③(朗文P919)Going out with friends is guaranteed to cheer you up.
和朋友一起出去玩肯定會讓你高興起來。
④(朗文P919)Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?
你能向我保證工作會按時完成嗎？
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
(1)未來的科技將保證所有人都能擁有健康和幸福！
Technology will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________for all!
答案：guarantee good health and happiness
(2)我們會盡力，但我不能保證我們會贏。
We will do our best，but I can’t ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：guarantee that we will win
5anxious adj. 憂慮的，不安的
(回歸課本P38)I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first.
我非常擔心，一開始嚇得動彈不得。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P75)Most children feel anxious about returning to school.
大部分孩子對于重返校園感到焦慮。
②(牛津P75)She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望畢業(yè)找份工作。
③(浙江高考)My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don’t arrive when we say we will.
如果我們不能在我們所說的時間到達，母親總是有點焦慮。
④I felt anxiety for/about his safety when I heard the news of the train accident.
當我聽到火車事故的消息時，我很擔心他的安全。
⑤(牛津P75)If you are worried about your health，share your anxieties with your doctor.
你要是擔心自己的健康，就把自己的憂慮告訴醫(yī)生吧。
[即境活用]
6．We had an anxious couple of weeks ________for the results of the experiment.
A．wait B．to be waiting
C．Waited D．waiting
解析：選D。由于是主語在等待，表主動關(guān)系，且在題干中充當方式狀語。動詞不定式不作方式狀語，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動和伴隨。had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for ...在焦急中等待……的幾周。
6make one’s way 前往；獲得成功
(回歸課本P35)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre.
穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P2274)Will you be able to make your way to the airport?
你能自己去機場嗎？
②The man hesitated，but made his way to the woods.
那個人猶豫了一下，但還是朝樹林走去。
③Without experience on it，we have to feel our way.
由于在這方面沒有經(jīng)驗，我們必須摸索著前進。
④As we got into a forest，we lost our way.
進入森林后我們迷路了。
⑤We fought our way through the forest.
我們穿過森林前進。
[即境活用]
7．?Mom，where did Cathy go?
?She ________her way towards the centre of the town.
A．got B．did
C．decided D．made
解析：選D。句意：??媽媽，Cathy去哪里了？??她去市中心了。make one’s way意為“前往”，符合句意。
8．A great man shows his greatness________the way he treats little men.
A．under B．with
C．on D．by
解析：選D。本題考查介詞的用法�！敖柚撤N方法和手段”常用by；而with強調(diào)使用具體工具。with this method搭配相當于by the way。
9．?I think he is taking an active part in social work.
?I agree with you________.
A．in a way B．on the way
C．by the way D．in the way
解析：選A。in a way＝in one way“在某種程度上”。on the way在途中；by the way順便說；in the way擋道；礙事。句意：我在某種程度上同意你所說的話。
7vary from...to... 由……到……不等
(回歸課本P39)The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.這里地面的高度由海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣的珍稀動植物的生長地。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P2273)The price of seafood varies according to the season.
海產(chǎn)品的價格隨季節(jié)而變化。
②Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
對于這件事，人人意見不一。
③As in China，the climate in Canada varies，depending on the area.正如中國一樣，加拿大的氣候也因地而異。
④For various/a variety of reasons，he didn’t attend the meeting.
因種種原因，他沒參加會議。
[即境活用]
10．It is obvious that the hopes，goals，fears and desires________ widely between men and women，between the rich and the poor.
A．a(chǎn)lter B．shift
C．Transfer D．vary
解析：選D。句意：很明顯男人和女人，富人和窮人在希望、目標、恐懼和欲望方面有很大的不同。vary between...and...由……到……的情況不等。alter更改；transfer轉(zhuǎn)換；shift轉(zhuǎn)移，替換。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.(P39)
據(jù)說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。
【句法分析】 (1)It is said that...表示“據(jù)說……”的意思，實際上it為形式主語，that 引導的為主語從句。相當于people say that...的意思。該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以改變成sb.is said to do...結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2)注意根據(jù)動詞不定式和is said動作之間的時間關(guān)系，使用不定式的一般式、進行式或完成式。
①John is said to be one of the best teachers in the school.
＝It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
據(jù)說約翰是這個學校最好的老師之一。
②He is said to have written a new book about workers.
＝It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
據(jù)說他寫了一本有關(guān)工人的新書。
[歸納拓展]
③It was reported that more than 180 people had been killed in the fire.據(jù)報道，那場大火燒死了180多人。
④It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.
人們希望這種可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。
[即境活用]
11．Leonardo da Vinci(1452～1519)________birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A．is said to be buying
B．is said to have bought
C．had said to buy
D．has said to have bought
解析：選B。本題考查動詞不定式及時態(tài)的應(yīng)用。因為say與主語(人)是動賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；再由括號中的時間標志可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選B。
2【教材原句】 Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(P34)
收集和評估了這些信息之后，我就幫助其他科學家來預測熔巖接著將往何處流去，流速是多少。
【句法分析】 having collected and evaluated the information是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式在句中作狀語，表明從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前。
①Having answered the teacher’s questions，she sat down and felt much more relaxed.
回答老師的問題后，她坐下來，感到輕松多了。
②Having been separated from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于與其他的大洲分離了幾百萬年了，澳大利亞有許多在世界上其他地方都找不到的動植物。
【溫馨提示】 過去分詞作狀語同現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時一樣，其邏輯上的主語就是主句的主語，但所不同的是，過去分詞與主語之間存在被動關(guān)系，但有時無被動意味，只是表示一種狀態(tài)或動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間存在著主動關(guān)系。
③Given better attention，the flowers could have grown better.
要是照看得好一點，這些花會長得更好。
④Dressed in white，she looks really pretty.
穿著白衣服，她看起來真美。
⑤Seeing the photo，he couldn’t help thinking of his good old days.看到那張照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。
[即境活用]
12．________in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
A．Waiting B．To wait
C．Having waited D．To have waited
解析：選C。本題考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)the old man與wait之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該選擇v.?ing形式，再根據(jù)句意得知他是先“wait”后才“realize”。所以先發(fā)生的動作應(yīng)該用完成式Having waited。
13．________there for some time，Mr.Johnson knew the place quite well.
A．Having lived B．Living
C．To live D．Lived
解析：選A�？疾榉侵^語動詞。Mr.Johnson與live之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，“先在那兒住一段時間”才能“很熟悉那個地方”，所以應(yīng)用v.?ing形式的完成式作狀語。
3【教材原句】 The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.(P35)
另外兩人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
【句法分析】 this being my first experience 是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成方法：
n．/pron.＋v.ing/ed/to do/n./adj./adv./prep.phrase。
其中名詞或代詞起著邏輯主語的作用；另一部分表示狀態(tài)、狀況或動作。
獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，但在語義上相當于一個句子。在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨等。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開。
①The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。
②Weather permitting，we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，我們將在明天組織一次海濱旅游。
③He left the office，tears in eyes.
他眼里含著淚水離開了辦公室。
④He walked into the classroom，his head lowered.
低著頭，他走進教室。
⑤There being no one else to turn to，I had to come to see you.我沒有其他可以求助的人，只能來找你。
14．The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons ________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
解析：選B。本題考查名詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞短語their lessons和動詞finish之間是被動完成關(guān)系，故用過去分詞finished。
[即境活用]
15．The car burns more fuel，but ________all things into consideration，it’s still a good car.
A．taken B．having taken
C．taking D．to take
解析：選C。獨立成分作狀語。注意有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，因此被稱為獨立成分。句意：這輛汽車耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來看，它仍不失為一部好車。
作文指導
說明文
【體裁導航】
說明文，顧名思義，就是要說清、道明。可見，清晰的描述、不紊的條理、分明的層次和準確的用詞，都是說明文最明顯的特征。
無論是文字敘述還是圖表標識，只要無時間限制，說明文中一般都要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
圖表說明文是近年來高考英語寫作的重點、熱點，也是國家英語課程標準所要求掌握的。做這一寫作題型時，同學們最好能在分清圖與圖之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，列出要點，逐條予以說明。這樣，既能避免主次不分，又能有效防止要點的遺漏。
巧用過渡性詞語，能使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，條理清晰。
中學階段常用的過渡詞語主要有以下幾類：
1．表示時間順序：first, then, afterwards, to begin with, meanwhile, later, soon, finally ...
2．表示空間順序：near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side ...
3．表示并列關(guān)系：and, as well as, also, too ...
4．表示因果關(guān)系：because, for, since, as a result (of), therefore, thus, thanks to ...
5．表示遞進關(guān)系：besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, one more thing ...
6．表示比照關(guān)系：like, unlike, such as，but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary ...
7．表示條件關(guān)系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that ...
8．表示概括關(guān)系：in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up ...
【寫作示例】
由于現(xiàn)代科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展，人們現(xiàn)在的日常生活已與幾十年前的大不一樣。那么，隨著社會和科學技術(shù)的進一步發(fā)展，未來人們的生活又會是什么樣的呢？請你以“未來生活”為主題，從人類的工作、身體的變化、生活的環(huán)境、交通設(shè)施、溝通方式、住房等方面，展開想象，描述一下未來美好的生活。
要求：1.想象合理，表達清晰，有條理。
2．描述你想象中的未來生活。
3．詞數(shù)：120～150。
【寫作要領(lǐng)】
本文的體裁是說明文，主題是未來的生活，時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般將來時。
要求學生預測并適當描述幾十年以后生活可能發(fā)生的變化，表達自己對未來美好的愿望。文章可以分為三部分：一、開頭，二、主體，三、結(jié)尾。第一部分(第1段)開門見山，直接點題，指出未來的生活肯定會發(fā)生巨大的變化。第二部分(第2和3段)發(fā)揮想象，具體闡述�？蓮娜藗�?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母鱾�方面(工作、交通、教育學習、休閑娛樂、環(huán)境等)入手。第三部分(第4段)提出建議，表達自己美好的愿望。
【金點模板】
一、開頭(表達個人觀點)
I suppose that ...
Personally, I think that ...
With science and technology developing, it is certain that ...
二、主體
1．句型
In the future we will...
More people will be able to ...
At that time, people will be using ...
There will be no need to ...
2．過渡詞
besides/in addition/what’s more/furthermore而且
for example/for instance/such as舉例
instead of代替，而不是
not only ...but also ...不但……而且……
in other words換句話說
that is to say也就是說
三、結(jié)尾
1．句型
Compared to the life today, the future life will be ...
No matter what happens in the future, we will ...
2．過渡詞
altogether總之；above all 最重要的是；however然而
【范文點評】
The Future Life
①With science and technology developing fast, it is certain that the future life will be more convenient and fastpaced.In the future we will have more free time and we may change jobs several times in our career.
②More people will be able to work at home, doing less manual work but more learning and thinking, which will make our brains bigger and bodies smaller.③Besides, transportation will become cleaner, faster, cheaper and not so crowded.④There will be no need to worry about the environment being polluted while traveling, for new fuels and engines will be used.
At that time，⑤people will be using the Internet to shop and do business while stores will be more like entertainment parks.⑥People will live in green houses and keep in touch with each other by using advanced videophones which can also be used for shopping and banking.
⑦Altogether, compared to the life we live today，the future life will be totally different. ⑧However, no matter what happens in the future, as long as we learn to accept change and appreciate what is new and different，we will be well prepared for whatever the future may have in store and enjoy a happier and healthier life.
點評：
①由復合結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”引出話題，自然流暢。
②此句準確得體地運用了非謂語動詞作狀語和非限制性定語從句。
③使用過渡詞besides，把話題自然引到“交通方式的變化”上。
④準確使用There is no need to do...句型，且多處使用非謂語動詞，如：to worry，being polluted，traveling。
⑤使用while來銜接兩個不同的未來變化；前一個分句用將來進行時使舉例時語言更生動形象。
⑥by引導的方式狀語中包含有一個定語從句。
⑦用altogether引出對上面兩段的猜想的總結(jié)。
⑧由轉(zhuǎn)折詞however銜接兩個句子，使句意互相照應(yīng)，文章連貫流暢。
【類題嘗試】
自1978年以來，我國海外留學生回國人數(shù)逐年上升。請在Shanghai Daily上發(fā)表一篇文章，根據(jù)圖表敘述海外人員歸國情況，分析回歸原因，并希望更多的海外學者回國創(chuàng)業(yè)。
要求：1.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
2．詞數(shù)150左右，短文開頭已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯：制定政策?work out policies，海歸人員?returnee
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.___________________________________
___________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.
One possible version：
There has been a reversal of the braindrain since 1978 across the country.Between 1978 and 2007, about 7,000 overseas Chinese returned to Shanghai after completing their studies abroad.They accounted for about 25% of all returnees nationwide.The year 2008 has witnessed a boom.The number of returnees came up to 15,000.By the end of 2009, a further 22,000 have returned to this city.
The reversal of the braindrain mainly arises from three facts.Firstly, our government values overseas Chinese scholars highly, encourages them to return home to start their own careers and has worked out a series of preferential policies.In Shanghai, the famous international city, they can enjoy a modern lifestyle.Secondly, China’s economy has been developing at a high speed, which provides them with a vast space of development.
Many returnees have achieved outstanding success in scientific research or in highlevel management.They are playing a more and more important role.Thirdly, the current global financial crisis leaves many overseas out of work or at the edge of being laid off.They feel more secure at home because the economy is more stable.
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