核心詞匯
1．____________(消費(fèi)者)are encouraged to complain about faulty goods.
2．We____________(提倡)using cloth or paper bags instead of plastic ones.
3．There is a growing____________(趨勢(shì))for people to work at home instead of in an office.
4. Child as he is，he has many interests，____________(變化)from chess to swimming.
5．She was trembling with excitement，but to my surprise her voice was____________(穩(wěn)定)．
6．Jane’s work is above ____________(平均)while Hob’s is very much below it.
7．Under normal____________(情況)，these two gases react readily to produce carbon dioxide and water.
8．All the crops and fields here are under water during the____________(洪水)．
9．The violent____________(現(xiàn)象)of nature are still hard for us to deal with.
10．I ____________(瞥了一下)at the clock and discovered that there were only 30 seconds left to play.
11．We____________with each other on the matter，but it is urgent to reduce the ____________，for we don’t have much time left.(agree)
12．用educate的適當(dāng)形式填空
(1)He was____________at a very good school in his teens.
(2)No country can afford to neglect the____________of its young people.
(3)They engaged a young ____________to teach them Spanish.
1.Consumers 2.advocate 3.tendency 4.ranging 5.steady 6.average 7.circumstances 8.floods 9.phenomena 10.glanced 11.disagree；disagreement,12.(1)educated (2)education (3)educator
高頻短語
1．________________ 發(fā)生；造成
2．________________ 同意；贊成；訂購
3．________________ 大量的
4．________________ 上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起
5．________________ 導(dǎo)致
6．________________ 反對(duì)……
7．________________ 即使
8．________________ 繼續(xù)
9．________________ 大體上；基本上
10．________________ 代表……一方；作為……的代言人
11．________________ 忍受；容忍
12．________________ 只要
13．________________ 等等
1.come about 2.subscribe to 3.quantities of 4.go up 5.result in 6.be opposed to 7.even if 8.keep on 9.on the whole 10.on behalf of 11.put up with 12.so long as 13.and so on
重點(diǎn)句式
1．____________________the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫無疑問，地球正變得更加暖和。全球變暖是人為的，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。
2．__________we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在未來幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。
3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on ________________you are using it?__________，turn it off!
只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你便可以把它開著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！
4．______________________to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.
用新材料來做這些東西要花費(fèi)大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就買那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
1.There is no doubt that
2.Even if
3.so long as；if not
4.It takes a lot of energy
知識(shí)詳解
1quantity n． 量；數(shù)量；數(shù)目，數(shù)額
(回歸課本P26) The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
當(dāng)我們向空氣中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的時(shí)候，問題就開始產(chǎn)生了。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(朗文P1667)The cards are cheaper if you buy them in quantity.
大批量購買這些卡片要便宜些。
②(牛津P1620)The data is limited in terms of both quality and quantity.
這份資料在質(zhì)量上和數(shù)量上都很有限。
③Large quantities of information have been collected.
已經(jīng)收集了大量信息。
④A large quantity of good earth is being washed away in this area every year.
每年這個(gè)地區(qū)大量沃土被沖走。
⑤Large quantities of water are badly needed here.
這里急需大量水。
【溫馨提示】 a quantity of后同樣可接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)它作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一般根據(jù)其所修飾的名詞而定，而quantities of作主語時(shí)，不論其后的名詞為可數(shù)或不可數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)。
[即境活用]
1．(2009年高考福建卷)?Why does the lake smell terrible?
?Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
解析：選D。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。句意：??這湖水怎么這么難聞？??因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。water與pollute為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A項(xiàng)；B項(xiàng)表示“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致，故排除C項(xiàng)，答案為D項(xiàng)。
2oppose vt. 反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量
(回歸課本P27)On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
在另一方面，還有一些人，像科學(xué)家喬治?漢布利，反對(duì)上面的觀點(diǎn)，他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①To be honest，I oppose your going there alone.
說實(shí)話，我反對(duì)你獨(dú)自一人去那兒。
②Many people opposed the idea of building a new high way because of the great cost.
由于需要巨額開支，許多人反對(duì)另修一條新公路的主意。
③(朗文P1437)Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.
大多數(shù)公司老板說，他們反對(duì)雇員頻繁加班。
[即境活用]
2．我們堅(jiān)決反對(duì)幫助酗酒成癮的那位年輕人。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ helping the young man addicted to alcohol.
答案：are firmly opposed to
3average adj. 平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的
n． 平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)
v． 平均為；計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)
(回歸課本P29)The greenhouse effect gives the earth’s surface the average temperature of 15℃.
溫室效應(yīng)使地球表面的平均溫度保持在15℃。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P118)I was just an average sort of student.
我只是一個(gè)普通的學(xué)生。
②(2009年高考全國卷)On average，people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.
通常，不吸煙的人比吸煙的人健康。
③Tom’s work at school is above (the) average，while Harry’s is below (the) average.
湯姆在學(xué)校的功課在一般以上，而哈利的功課在一般以下。
④Our weekly profits average out at about $750.
我們每周的平均利潤約為750美元。
[即境活用]
3．Don’t expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of_______intelligence.
A．a(chǎn)verage B．slight
C．strange D．different
解析：選A。根據(jù)前句“不要對(duì)他期望太大”，可以推斷，這個(gè)孩子智力水平一般。
4glance vi. 看一下，掃視
n． 一瞥
(回歸課本P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.
快速瀏覽一下這篇雜志文章，然后回答問題。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(全國高考)But，as he glanced down the page，a notice caught his eye.
但他往下瀏覽時(shí)，有則布告吸引了他的眼球。
②(牛津P863)I only had time to glance at the newspapers.
我只來得及瀏覽一下報(bào)紙。
③(牛津P863)At first glance，the problem seemed easy.
乍一看問題似乎很簡(jiǎn)單。
④I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.
我掃視了一下大廳，發(fā)現(xiàn)觀眾中有許多熟悉的面孔。
[即境活用]
4．匆匆看了病人一眼之后，醫(yī)生打電話叫了救護(hù)車。
________ ________ ________ ________ at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.
答案：After a quick glance
5circumstance n． 環(huán)境；情況，通常用作復(fù)數(shù)形式
(回歸課本P30)Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
如果情況允許的話，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和報(bào)紙。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①(牛津P344)Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在這種情況下，不告訴他有關(guān)這次事故的情況似乎更好。
②(牛津P344)Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
你無論如何都不能借錢給保羅。
③Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study.
情況允許的話，我要出國學(xué)習(xí)。
[即境活用]
5．(2011年江蘇鹽城中學(xué)檢測(cè))Under no circumstances，I was warned，________to give the password to someone else.
A．could I B．I could
C．I was D．was I
解析：選D�？疾榈寡b語序。帶有否定詞的短語Under no circumstances 位于句首時(shí)，句子應(yīng)該采用部分倒裝的形式；因?yàn)楸揪涞闹^語動(dòng)詞是不定式，因此選D。
6come about 發(fā)生；造成
(回歸課本P26)So how has this come about and does it matter？那么，這種溫度的升高是怎么產(chǎn)生的呢？會(huì)有什么影響呢？
[例句探源]
①(牛津P386)Can you tell me how the accident come about?
你能告訴我事故是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？
②I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
我真不明白這么短的路程你怎么會(huì)遲到一個(gè)小時(shí)。
[易混辨析]
come about，happen，take place，break out
(1)come about“發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生”，指要求解釋或說明事情發(fā)生的理由。通常與how連用。
(2)happen“發(fā)生”，常用詞匯，指偶然的，意外的，具體客觀事物的發(fā)生或出現(xiàn)，尤其指自發(fā)的未能預(yù)見的事情的發(fā)生。
(3)take place“發(fā)生”，指事件或事故的發(fā)生是在預(yù)料中的并非是偶然的，進(jìn)而引申為按計(jì)劃“進(jìn)行，舉行”。
(4)break out 指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疾病等的突然“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”。
[即境活用]
6．用come about；happen；take place；break out填空：
(1)A fire ____________during the night.
答案：broke out
(2)Luckily the earthquake didn’t ____________in the center of the city.
答案：happen
(3)How did it ____________ that the dairy products were harmful to children?
答案：come children
(4)Great changes ____________ in our school in the past few years.
答案：have taken place
7result in 導(dǎo)致
(回歸課本P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他們還贊同下述觀點(diǎn)，正是由于越來越多地燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.
他的努力使他在考試中取得了優(yōu)異的成績(jī)。
②However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.
但是，人類的發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了污染和其他嚴(yán)重的問題。
③(牛津P1702)He made one big mistake，and as a result，lost his job.
他犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)，結(jié)果丟了工作。
④About 21 million people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking.20世紀(jì)90年代約有2100萬人死于吸煙。
⑤He has tried very hard to find a job，until now without result.他努力找工作，但直到現(xiàn)在仍毫無結(jié)果。
[即境活用]
7．毫無疑問，你的成功是你辛勤勞動(dòng)的結(jié)果。
There is no doubt that your success has ________ _________ your hard work.
答案：resulted from
8．Her efforts resulted________her success while her brother’s failure resulted________his laziness.
A．from；from B．from；in
C．in；from D．in；in
解析：選C�？疾榻樵~。result in導(dǎo)致；result from因……而產(chǎn)生，由……造成。
8put up with 容忍；忍受
(回歸課本P30)We do not have to put up with pollution.
我們沒必要忍受污染。
[歸納拓展]
[例句探源]
①I can’t put up with your rudeness any more；leave the room，please.
我不能再忍受你這種無禮的態(tài)度了，請(qǐng)離開這個(gè)房間。
②(牛津P1615)I’m not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
我再也不能容忍他們抽煙了。
③We are trying to put aside some money every month for our vacation.我們盡量每月存些錢供度假用。
④One moment please，I’m just trying to put you through.
請(qǐng)等一下，我這就給你接通電話。
⑤Please put out the light before you go to bed.
上床之前請(qǐng)把燈關(guān)掉。
⑥He put forward a new theory at the meeting.
在會(huì)上他提出了一種新理論。
[即境活用]
9．She will have to find some other work，for she can’t________the loud noise any more.
A．come up with B．put up with
C．keep up with D．end up with
解析：選B�？疾槎陶Z辨析。put up with忍受，容忍。句意：她將不得不另找工作，因?yàn)樗僖踩淌懿涣四敲创蟮脑胍袅�。come up with想出，提出；keep up with跟上；end up with以……結(jié)束。
10．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer.
A．put up with B．keep up with
C．come up with D．go through with
解析：選C。句意：老師問了一道很難的題，但特德最后還是想出了令人滿意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艱難地)完成，履行……諾言。根據(jù)句意選C。
11．Don’t be so discouraged.If you ________such feelings，you will do better next time.
A．carry on B．get back
C．break down D．put away
解析：選D。carry on開展；進(jìn)行；get back 取回；break down分解；崩潰；出故障；put away收拾起來。句意：不要泄氣，如果你收起這種情緒，下次你會(huì)做得更好。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials...(P30)
用新材料造東西需要大量能源……
【句法分析】 句中it為形式主語，take意為需要/消耗(時(shí)間、勞力等)，take作此含義時(shí)通常不可用于被動(dòng)式。
①To be honest，it takes great courage to tell the truth.
老實(shí)說，說出真相需要很大勇氣。
②It takes perseverance and courage to become a successful man.
成為一個(gè)成功的人需要毅力和勇氣。
[即境活用]
12．Perseverance is a kind of quality－and that’s what________to do anything well.
A．one takes B．one is taken
C．it takes D．it is taken
解析：選C。句意：毅力是一種品質(zhì)，是一種做好任何事情都需要的品質(zhì)。表語從句中隱含一個(gè)句型：It takes ...to do sth.。
2【教材原句】 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it?if not，turn it off！(P30)
在使用電器設(shè)備時(shí)你可以把它開著，如果不用就把它關(guān)掉！
【句法分析】 (1)so long as＝as long as“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
①You may borrow the book so long as/as long as you keep it clean.只要你不把書弄臟，就可以借給你。
②I don’t care about the price so long as the car is in good condition.我不計(jì)較價(jià)錢，只要車很好用就行了。
③We need a rope as long as 30 metres.
我們需要一條30米長(zhǎng)的繩子。
④The table is twice as long as that one.
這張桌子是那張桌子的兩倍長(zhǎng)。
【溫馨提示】 as long as 只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。as long as 還可意為“與……一樣長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”。
(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式。
if so如果這樣
if any若有
if necessary如果有必要
⑤I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.
我想火車是正午開，你最好打的去，否則可能會(huì)誤車的。
⑥Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.有誰感到冷嗎？如果沒有，就把暖氣關(guān)掉。
⑦Point out errors，if any.若有錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指正。
⑧Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.
下周你哪個(gè)晚上沒事？如果沒有事，我們?nèi)コ燥埌伞?br>⑨Take this camera with you，if necessary.
如果有必要，帶上照相機(jī)去吧。
13．(2011年湖南長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)月考)If the food tastes nice，we’ll buy some；if ________，________.
A．no；no B．not；not
C．not；no D．no；not
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