諺語(yǔ)是洋溢著文化氣息的哲理性語(yǔ)言，是智慧的結(jié)晶。歷年的高考英語(yǔ)試題中的諺語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)頻率越來(lái)越高，它通常與情景對(duì)話題、交際用語(yǔ)題、完形填空題、閱讀理解等題型結(jié)合，用來(lái)提供情景或點(diǎn)明觀點(diǎn)主旨。在寫作中，如果考生能夠運(yùn)用幾句諺語(yǔ)表達(dá)，會(huì)更提升作文層次，使自己的作文在眾多高考作文中讓閱卷老師眼前一亮。
一、情景交際中的諺語(yǔ)知識(shí)
英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)文字精練、表達(dá)生動(dòng)、情景性強(qiáng)，因此常用在情景交際題中作為試題背景。如2014年高考英語(yǔ)再次出現(xiàn)了考查諺語(yǔ)知識(shí)的試題：
（2014年江蘇卷26）You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and ___.
A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day
C. never put off till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow
正確答案為B 。
A. 明日復(fù)明日，明日何其多；我生待明日，萬(wàn)事成蹉跎。（因?yàn)橛肋h(yuǎn)有明天，也就永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)宕延）
B. 明天又是新的一天。（有明天就有希望）
C. 今日事，今日做。（今日事，今日畢）
D. 切莫依賴明天。
全句意思是：你今天或許表現(xiàn)欠佳，但至少可以參加下的比賽，有明天就有希望。
將諺語(yǔ)溶入考題中是開放探究和激發(fā)創(chuàng)新新思維類試題的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，反映了英語(yǔ)試題鮮活、開放、新穎的特點(diǎn)，也為2014年的高考備考提供了依據(jù)和方向。
二、閱讀理解中的諺語(yǔ)知識(shí)
諺語(yǔ)包含了樸素的哲理和深刻的寓意，用在閱讀理解題中常用來(lái)推斷、總結(jié)、做結(jié)論�？荚囆枰高^文字的表層信息進(jìn)行推理、分析、理解文章的真正內(nèi)涵，找準(zhǔn)文章意義與諺語(yǔ)寓意的切入點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)看下面兩篇閱讀理解：
A
You hear the same complaint all the time: “My memory is terrible.” Is it all in the mind, or do real changes take place in the brain with the passing of time? The answer is that the brain’s cells decline and die with age. However, according to Professor Arthur Shimamura of the University of California, people vary greatly in how they change mentally with age, as well as how much their mental ability declines.
There are three main ways in which mental function changes. The first concerns speed, such as how quickly you can react to fast-moving incidents on the road. Drivers 高一 in their late teens react quickly but often drive too fast, while the over -60’s are more careful but react more slowly. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brains’s neurons (神經(jīng)細(xì)胞) work.
The fact that adults find it harder to learn musical instrument than children points to a second type of mental decline, the loss of learning ability with age. The part of the brain which is known to control new learning is particularly sensitive to the effects of ageing. This means we have to depend more on diaries and other mental aids as we get older, take longer to learn a new language and are slower to master new things at work.
“Working memory” is the third brain function that is sensitive to the effects of ageing. Absentmindedness occurs at all ages because of imperfections in the working memory system. For example, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of your house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for. Such absent-mindedness also occurs more often as we get older.
However, evidence also shows that the principle “use it or lose it” applies to the ageing brain. Professor Shimamura studied a group of university professors who were still mentally active, and compared their performance on neuro?psychological tests with that of others of their age group, as well as with younger people. He found that on several tests of memory, the mentally active professors in their 60’s and early 70’s performed better than those of the same age, and as well as the younger group.
問題：Which of the following well-known sayings best expresses the idea of the third paragraph?
A. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
B. You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.
C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
D. It’s never too old to learn.
答案：B
解析：
A. 雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。
B. 老狗學(xué)不到新把戲。（朽木不可雕。）
C. 有志者事竟成。
D. 活到老，學(xué)到老。
B
Life is raw material. We are artisans (n.工匠). We can sculpt our existence into beautiful or debase (vt. 降低，貶低) it into ugliness. It’s in our hands. ---- Cathy Better.
It’s in Our Hands
Isn’t it amazing how few of us ask ourselves the important question?
Several years ago, I was invited to hear an important speaker address the students body of a small college in South Carolina. The auditorium was filled with students excited about the opportunity to hear a speaker of her status (n. 地位，身份) speak. After the governor gave the introduction, the speaker moved to the microphone, looked at the audience from left to right, and began:
“I was born to a mother who was deaf and couldn’t speak. I don’t know who my father is or was. The first job I ever had was in a cotton field.”
The audience was spellbound. “Nothing has to remain the way it is if that’s not the way a person want it to be. She continued “it isn’t luck, and it isn’t circumstances, and it isn’t being born a certain way that causes a person’s failure to become what it becomes.” And she softly reported, “Nothing has to remain the way it is if that’s not the way a person wants it to be.”
“All a person has to do,” she added in a firm voice, “to change a situation that brings unhappiness or dissatisfaction answers the question: ‘How do I want this situation to become?’ then the person must commit totally to personal actions that carry them there.”
Then a beautiful smile shone forth as she said,, “My name is Azie Taylor Morton. I stand before you today as treasurer (n.財(cái)務(wù)主管) of the United States of America.”
問題：Which of the following can best tell the main idea of the passage?
A. Where there is a will, there is a way.
B. Experience is the best teacher.
C. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
D. Still waters run deep.
答案：A
解析：A. 有志者，事竟成。
B. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師。（有經(jīng)歷必受益）
C. 吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。
D. 靜水流深。（沉默者深謀。）
在做這類題目的時(shí)候，考生首先要正確理解諺語(yǔ)的意思，再結(jié)合文意選出正確答案。這就要求考生平時(shí)多積累總結(jié)，比如專門準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)諺語(yǔ)手冊(cè)，平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)閱讀中遇到諺語(yǔ)或好的句子就把它寫下來(lái)，日積月累，語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力自然就上去了。
三、書面表達(dá)中的諺語(yǔ)知識(shí)
將寓意深刻、富有哲理的諺語(yǔ)運(yùn)用到英語(yǔ)寫作中可起到描繪生動(dòng)、畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，從而提高作文的得分檔次。例如：
（2014年福建）假設(shè)你是林華，福建省某中學(xué)高三學(xué)生，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下學(xué)生會(huì)倡議書的內(nèi)容給某英文報(bào)社寫一封信，敘述擬開展活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容并發(fā)表自己的看法。
注意：1.信的開頭語(yǔ)已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；
2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，但不要逐條翻譯；
3.詞數(shù)100左右：
4.參考詞匯：增進(jìn)promote;鼓勵(lì)節(jié)約encourage econonmy
Dear editor,
I am a student of Senior Three in a middle school in Fujian Province.
Yours sincerely,
Lin Hua
分析：本篇書面表達(dá)的主旨增進(jìn)節(jié)約，提倡互助友愛。據(jù)此，我們能想到的諺語(yǔ)有：
Saving is getting. （節(jié)約而后有。/ 節(jié)約就是獲得。）
Waste not, want not.（不浪費(fèi)，不愁缺。）
……
以此來(lái)點(diǎn)明主旨，表明自己對(duì)贈(zèng)書活動(dòng)的支持與贊賞態(tài)度。
One possible version:
Dear editor,
I am a student of Senior Tree in a middle school in Fujian Province.
In order that we can make the best of learning materials, the Students’Union of our school is arranging an activity. We students of Senior Three are called on to give away our used books, newspapers or magazines to the students in the lower grades. The idea, which is intended to promote friendship and encourage economy, is highly praised and supported by the teachers and students alike. The activity will last about ten days, from June 10 to 20.
Saving is getting. / Waste not, want not. As a student, I am strongly for the activity because it is very meaningful and helpful. I hope that this kind of activity will continue in the future.
Yours sincerely,
Lin Hua
（2014年江蘇卷）
2014年4月29日上午10點(diǎn)到11點(diǎn)，全國(guó)億萬(wàn)學(xué)生陽(yáng)光體育活動(dòng)在各地大中小學(xué)校同時(shí)進(jìn)行，江蘇省1，100萬(wàn)學(xué)生積極參與了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。
教育部倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生：
•每天鍛煉一小時(shí)
•健康工作五十年
•幸福生活一輩子
請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以上提示，用英語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)備一份發(fā)言稿，向同學(xué)們講述一下陽(yáng)光體育活動(dòng)的有關(guān)情況，并就高三學(xué)生是否需要每天花一小時(shí)鍛煉，談?wù)勀愕目捶袄碛伞?br>注意：
① 發(fā)言稿應(yīng)包括以上所有信息，要有適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
② 詞數(shù)：120左右。發(fā)言稿的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
③ 參考詞匯：陽(yáng)光體育活動(dòng)——a national student sports program;
教育部——the Ministry of Education
Good afternoon, everyone,
____________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
分析：可選用Health is great riches.（健康是筆大財(cái)富。）來(lái)說(shuō)明健康的重要性。
One possible version:
Good afternoon, everyone.
On the morning of April 29, 2014, from 10:00 to 11:00, hundreds of millions of students from primary, middle schools and universities all over China joined in a national student sports program. Eleven million students in Jiangsu took an active part in this program.
The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day, in the hope that they will have good health to work fifty years and enjoy the whole life.
The advocation is good for our students, especially in Grade Three. The students in Grade Three should have sports for one hour every day. As long as we have a healthy body, we can achieve our goal. And we will be a strong power to construct our country.
My dear friends , come on! Health is great riches. Let us build our strong and healthy body so as to spare no effort to contribute to our country.
Thank you!
考題回放：
1. --- It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.
--- Well, you know what they say. ____. (2014•江蘇卷)
A. There is no smoke without fireB. Practice makes perfect
C. All roads lead to RomeD. No pains, no gains
2. If you are traveling ____ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as Romans do. (2014•天津卷)
A. in whichB. whatC. whenD. where
3. … Analyzing the law of the talion --- an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth --- William Ian Willer presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back”…（2014•上海卷閱讀C篇）
The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of ____.
A. medicineB. tradec. avengingD. striving
4. --- Never thought to see you here, Jay!
--- ____.
A. It’s a small worldB. Don’t let it worry you
C. It’s always the caseD. I’d like to meet you every day
5. --- I’ve given up smoking already, darling.
--- You should have taken the doctor’s advice years ago. ____, anyway.
A. Better late than neverB. It’s easier said than done
C. No pains, no gainsD. Well begun is half done
6. “First come, first ____” is an English proverb.
A. serviceB. servedC. servingD. to serve
7. All work and no play ____ Jack a dull boy.
A. makeB. madeC. makesD. making
8. Give him an inch ____ he’ll take an ell.
A. orB. butC. andD. otherwise
答案與解析：
1. D. A. 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。 B. 熟能生巧。 C. 條條大路通羅馬（殊途同歸） D. 不勞無(wú)獲。
2. D.
3. C. an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth 以眼還眼，以牙還牙；avenge vt. 報(bào)復(fù)，報(bào)仇
4. A. It’s a small world 這世界真小。（我們又見面了。）
5. A. A. 遲做總比不做好。 B. 說(shuō)比做容易。 C. 不勞無(wú)獲。 D. 好的開始是成功的一半。
6. B. First come, first served. 先到者先受用。（先到先得。）
7. C. 全句意思為：只工作（學(xué)習(xí)）不玩耍聰明的孩子也變傻。
8. C. 全句意思為：得寸進(jìn)尺。
附：高考英語(yǔ)�？加⒄Z(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)（含句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析）
（1）Actions speak louder than words. 行動(dòng)比言語(yǔ)更有說(shuō)服力。（事實(shí)勝于雄辯。）
（2）Better late than never. 遲做總比不做好。
（3）Honesty is the best policy. 誠(chéng)實(shí)總是上策。
（4）The best fish are / swim near the bottom.好魚居水底。（有價(jià)值的東西不能輕易得到。）
（5）The more you get, the more you want. 擁有越多，想要越多。
（注：以上五句諺語(yǔ)運(yùn)用了形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)。）
（6）A rising tide lifts all boats. 水漲眾船高。
（7）Time lost cannot be recalled. (recall vt. 召回，恢復(fù)) 光陰一去不復(fù)返。
（8）To stand still is to move back. 逆水行舟，不進(jìn)則退。
（9）Saving is getting. 節(jié)約而后有。（節(jié)約就是獲得。）
（10）It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。（打翻牛奶，哭也沒用）
（注：以上五句運(yùn)用了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。）
（11）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作（學(xué)習(xí)）不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。
（12）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.
早起早睡使你健康、富裕、聰明。
（13）An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
多吃水果利健康。（一天一蘋果醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。）
（14）Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 久別情深。
（15）Money makes the mare go. (mare n. 母馬，母驢) 有錢能使鬼推磨。
（16）You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.
領(lǐng)馬河邊易，逼馬飲水難。（不要逼人做不愿做的事。）
（注：以上六句運(yùn)用了“vt. + 賓語(yǔ)+ 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。）
（17）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。
（18）An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 一日之計(jì)在于晨。
（19）Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望，作最壞的準(zhǔn)備。
（20）It’s never too late to mend. 改過遷善從不嫌晚。（亡羊補(bǔ)牢，未為遲也。）
（21）One is never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。
（22）Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
閱讀對(duì)于我們心靈之重要，猶如運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于身體一樣。
（注：以上六句運(yùn)用了be worth…, hope for…, prepare for…, too… to…, A is to B what C is to D 固定結(jié)構(gòu)）
（23）All that glitters is not gold. / All is not gold that glitters. (glitter vi. 閃光，閃爍)
閃光的并非都是金子。
（24）All that dogs bark at are not thieves. / All are not thieves that dogs bark at.
狗吠者未必是賊。（勿以貌取人。）
（25）Every couple is not a pair. / Not every couple is a pair. 成雙未必能配對(duì)。
（注：以上三句運(yùn)用了部分否定結(jié)構(gòu)。）
（26）It is a good horse that never stumbles, and a good wife that never grumbles.
(stumble vi. 絆倒，失足 grumble vi. 發(fā)牢騷，抱怨)
良馬會(huì)失蹄，賢妻有牢騷。
（27）It’s a long lane that has no turning. (lane n. 小巷) 否極泰來(lái)。
（路必有彎，事必有變。）（沒有彎曲的路真長(zhǎng)。）（不順是暫時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)定出現(xiàn)。）
（28）It is love that makes the world go round. 愛使世界更美好。
（29）It is the early bird that catches the worm. 早出的鳥兒吃到蟲。（疾足者先得。）
（注：以上四句運(yùn)用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。）
（30）A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. （pit n. 坑，陷井 wit n. 智力，才智）
吃一塹，長(zhǎng)一智。
（31）An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. 以眼還眼，以牙還牙。
（32）Never put off till tomorrow. 今日事，今日做。（今日事，今日畢。）
（33）Once bitten, twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。（一次上當(dāng)，下次小心。）
（34）Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見，心不想。（不見就忘。）（離久情疏。）
（35）Waste not, want not. 不浪費(fèi)，不愁缺。
（注：以上六句運(yùn)用了“省略”，表達(dá)精練，語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)。）
（36）All’s well that ends well. 結(jié)果好就是一切好。
（37）He laughs best who laughs last. 誰(shuí)笑在最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。
（38）Those who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
家居玻璃房，切忌亂扔石。（自己有弱點(diǎn)，勿揭他人短。）
（注：以上三句運(yùn)用了定語(yǔ)從句。）
（39）Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. (hatch vt. 孵出)
小雞孵出前，先別忙點(diǎn)數(shù)。（辦事尚未果，不把成功言。）（不要過早樂觀。）
（40）When in Rome do as the Romans do.
身處羅馬學(xué)意人，到了一地尊風(fēng)俗。（入鄉(xiāng)隨俗）
（41）What’s learnt in the cradle lasts till the tomb. (cradle n. 搖藍(lán))
搖藍(lán)中所學(xué)，受用到墓穴。（孩提時(shí)代學(xué)到的東西，至死不忘。）
（注：以上三句分別運(yùn)用了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句。）
（42）If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again. 再接再厲，終會(huì)成功。
（43）If a thing is worth doing, it’s worth doing well. 凡值得一做的都值得做好。
（44）While there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望。（留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒。）
（注：以上三句運(yùn)用了條件狀語(yǔ)從句）
（45）Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 有志者事竟成。（日本豐田汽車公司曾把該諺語(yǔ)改為一句瑯瑯上口的廣告：Where there’s a road, there’s a Toyota.）
（46）Where there’s smoke, there’s fire. 無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪。
（注：以上兩句運(yùn)用了地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）
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