1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)餓死；饑餓；渴望，急需；餓得要死
She?s starving herself trying to lose weight.
她為了減肥而忍饑挨餓。
常用結構：
starve for渴望得到……
starve to death 餓死
be starved of極需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨餓以迫使其做某事
The plants are starving for water.這些植物極需要水。
They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
他們在沙漠中迷了路而被餓死了。
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start.
發(fā)動機缺油，發(fā)動不起來。
聯(lián)想拓展
starvation n. 挨餓；餓死
高手過招
(1)單項填空
Many people death in the earthquake as a result of the delay of the supplies.(2009?12?陜西西安檢測)
A. were starved of B. starved to
C. were starved D. starved for
(2)用starve相關短語的適當形式填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①Thousands of people in Africa.
②These children are love.
③The people on the island fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year.
解析: (1)選B。starve to death為固定搭配，意為“餓死”，符合句意。be starved of與starve for均為“渴望”之意。
(2)①starved to death/died of starvation
②starving for③were starved of
It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他對他的醫(yī)生無比信賴。
She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。
高手過招
用brief相關短語的適當形式填空
①He came to me I could help him.
② that nuclear weapons are immoral.
③The cruelty of the murders was .
答案： ①in the belief that②It is my belief
③beyond belief
2. belief
n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心
believe vi.&vt. 相信
常用結構：
have belief in sth./sb. 對某物/某人的真實性和正確性所具有的信心
beyond belief 難以置信
in the belief that ... 相信……
3. gain
n. 獲得；增加；獲利，獲得物；收益；利潤
vt. 得到；獲得，贏得，增加，增添，到達；（鐘、表等）快
He gained full marks in the examination.他考試得了滿分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is.
她生平第一次明確地知道世界是多么大。
The company has made notable gains in productivity.
該公司在生產能力方面已經(jīng)有了明顯的提高。
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分鐘。
易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗爭，競爭中做出很大努力而“獲得……”，所得到的東西常具有一定價值。
win含有取勝的一方具有優(yōu)越的特質或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。
get為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
earn意為“賺得”，表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得到的報酬。
acquire意為“獲得，取得”，一般指通過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。
高手過招
選詞填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win） （原創(chuàng)）
①I’m new in the job but I have already experience.
②Please me a glass of water.
③His perseverance him many friends and a gold medal.
④He up to $50,000 a year by writing stories.
⑤After six years’ study, he has a good knowledge of English.
答案： ①gained②get③has won④earns⑤acquired
4. award
vt. 授予，獎給(后多接雙賓語，在多數(shù)場合下用被動形式be awarded);判定
n.獎，獎品；獎金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team.
獎章授給了辯論隊中的最佳演說者。
He got the highest award in the contest.
他得到了比賽的最高獎。
易混辨析
award/prize/reward
award既可作動詞也可作名詞，指為鼓勵在工作中達到或完成所提出的要求或條件的人而進行的獎勵，往往強調榮譽而不在乎獎品的大小或獎金的多少。
prize為名詞，多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩中所贏得的獎。這種獎賞有的憑能力獲得，有的憑運氣獲得。
reward既可作動詞也可作名詞，指對某人的工作或服務等的報答。也指因幫助警察抓到罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到的賞金、酬金。
He won the award for the best student of the year.
他獲得本年度最優(yōu)秀學生獎。
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.獎品獎給了那個獲得中獎號碼的人。
He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
他得到一枚獎章，作為對他勇敢的獎勵。
高手過招
單項填空
Three university departments have been $600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.(2009?12?江蘇泰興檢測)
A.Promoted B.included
C.Secured D.awarded
解析:選D�？疾樵~義辨析。promote 促進，提升；include包括；secure保證，使安全；award授予，獎給。根據(jù)句意“被獎勵了600,000美元”可知，D項正確。
5. admire
vt. 贊美；欽佩；羨慕。其后可接人或物作賓語，但不可以接賓語從句作賓語。
admiration n. 贊美，欽佩；令人贊美的人或物
admirer n. 欽佩者；羨慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事欽佩或羨慕某人
express admiration for sb. 對某人表示欽佩
have great admiration for sb. 十分欽佩某人
in admiration of 表示欽佩
with/in admiration 心懷欽佩地They admired our garden.他們羨慕我們的花園。
I admire him for his success in business.
我羨慕他事業(yè)有成。
Aren?t you going to admire my new house?
你難道不想夸夸我的新房子嗎？
聯(lián)想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事
rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人擺脫/除去某物
suspect sb. of sth.懷疑某人某事
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事
demand answer of sb.要求某人答復
ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙
高手過招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①Stop looking in the mirror (自我欣賞).
②Visitors to Beijing usually (欽佩那里的警察).
③Our school is widely (羨慕) its excellent teaching .
答案： ①admiring yourself②admire the policemen there
③admired for
6. remind
vt. 提醒；使想起
常用結構:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人記住/想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉羅德他曾許下的諾言。
Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow.
請?zhí)嵝盐颐魈旖o我母親寫信。
高手過招
翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①這些照片使我想起我的童年。
②請?zhí)嵝盐颐刻旆嗡帯?br> 答案： ①These photos remind me of my childhood.
②Please remind me to take my medicine three times a day. /Please remind me that I should take my medicine three times a day.
7. permission
n. \[U\]許可，允許
permit vt. 準許，許可，允許
n. 許可(證）；執(zhí)照
常用結構：
with/without (one?s) permission 得到允許/未經(jīng)允許
ask sb. for permission 征求某人的許可
give sb. permission to do sth. 允許某人做某事
have one?s permission 得到某人的同意
高手過招
完成句子
①They entered the area (未經(jīng)允許).
②You will need to obtain planning (許可證) if you want to extend your house.
答案： ①without permission②permission
8. clothing
n. (總稱)衣服，服裝\[U\]
Check your belongings and make sure you don?t leave your articles of clothing behind.
檢查你的行李，不要丟下衣物。
Food, clothing and shelter are everyone?s priorities.
衣食住行是每一個人優(yōu)先考慮的事情。
易錯辨析
clothing/clothes/cloth
clothing是衣服、被褥的總稱，為不可數(shù)名詞；
clothes指包括上衣、褲子、內衣、外衣等在內的具體的衣服，它沒有單數(shù)形式，只能說many/some/a few clothes; cloth則指做衣服所用的布料，為不可數(shù)名詞。
高手過招
選詞填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.
②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more .
③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl?
答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth
重點短語
9. take place
發(fā)生；舉行
In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.
在此期間那個國家發(fā)生了經(jīng)濟危機。
The Olympic Games take place every four years.
奧林匹克運動會每四年舉行一次。
聯(lián)想拓展
take one?s place=take the place of ...代替……
take the first place 獲得第一名
in place of 代替
易錯辨析
take place/happen/break out/occur
take place 通常表示計劃、安排之內的“發(fā)生”。
happen指事情偶然的發(fā)生，常帶有未能預見的含義；另外，還有“碰巧”之意。
break out指火災、戰(zhàn)爭或瘟疫的突然爆發(fā)。
occur指按計劃發(fā)生，常指（某想法、某事）出現(xiàn)在某人的頭腦中。常見結構：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。
It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.
我想起了我忘了帶鑰匙。
高手過招
完成句子 （原創(chuàng)）
①It was in the church that their wedding (舉行).
②Will you attend the meeting (代替) me?
③ (請就座), please! We?re ready to start.
④It’s hard to find a man to (代替) the present manager.
⑤Liu Xiang (獲得第一名) in the 110m hurdle race.
答案：①took place②in place of③Take your place/seat
④take the place of⑤took the first place
10. in memory of
=to the memory of 紀念；追念
Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.
很多典禮是為了紀念名人的。
The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist.
這個雕像是為了紀念那位有名的科學家而建的。
聯(lián)想拓展
in honour of 為了紀念……；向……表示敬意
in praise of 歌頌；稱贊
in favour of 贊同, 支持
in charge of 負責
in need of 需要；缺少
in search of 尋找
in possession of 擁有
高手過招
(1)單項填空
This monument was built the little hero.
(2009?12?陜西咸陽檢測)
A. in place of B. in search of
C. in memory of D. in need of
（2）用由“in+n.+of”構成的短語填空（原創(chuàng)）
①A monument was set up (紀念) the dead soldiers.
②He founded the charity (興辦那項慈善事業(yè)) (懷念) his late wife.
③If you are (需要) anything, don’t hesitate to let me know.
④In the discussion, I was (支持) Mr Li.
解析: （1）選C�？疾槎陶Z辨析。句意為：這座紀念碑是為紀念那位小英雄而建的。in place of 代替；in search of搜尋；in memory of為紀念……;in need of需要。
（2）①in memory/honour of②in memory of
③in need of④in favour of
11. dress up
dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”講，與介詞as/like連用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.結構。
We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea!
我們在晚會上要裝扮成電影中的角色，這是一個多么新奇的主意啊！
They dress up for the occasion.
為了參加這個活動，他們都穿上了盛裝。
She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy?dress ball.
她穿上伊麗莎白一世時代的服裝去參加化裝舞會。
聯(lián)想拓展
be dressed in 穿著……衣服
be dressed as 打扮成
be well dressed 衣著講究
dress oneself 穿衣，打扮
dress sb. 給某人穿衣服高手過招
高手過招
單項填空
in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2009?12?江西贛州檢測)
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
解析:選A。be dressed in ...穿著……的衣服，表示一種狀態(tài)。
12. play a trick/tricks on sb.
搞惡作劇；詐騙；開玩笑
The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.
孩子們在愚人節(jié)那天捉弄了他們的老師。
Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.
記住不要戲弄殘疾人。
聯(lián)想拓展
play a joke on sb. 開某人的玩笑
make fun of sb. 取笑某人
laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人
smile at sb. 向某人微笑
make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑
高手過招
用適當?shù)慕樵~填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①Tom liked making fun others in public.
②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled.
③These boys like playing tricks their teacher.
④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer.
答案：①of②at③on④at
13. look forward to
期待某事／做某事(to為介詞，后接名詞或動名詞)
We should look forward to the futurity.
我們應該展望未來。
I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.
我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文藝創(chuàng)作方面發(fā)表自己的見解。
聯(lián)想拓展
帶有介詞“to”的短語可用下面這兩句話幫助記憶：
習慣于舊方式的人堅持反對新事物，這樣導致許多獻身于科學的人被宣判為大逆不道。不喜歡這種事實的人談到此事時，總期待著增添自己的努力使它開始改變。
習慣于be (get) used to，堅持stick to，反對object to，導致lead to，獻身于be devoted to，被宣判為be sentenced to，喜歡prefer...to，談到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，開始get down to。
高手過招
(1)單項填空
She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to her. (2009?12?浙江杭州檢測)
A.See B.have seen C.seeing D.be seeing
(2)用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①The boy hurried forward (see) the world?famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to (see) it for a long time.
②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I’m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)選C。句意為：她盼望他歸來，就如同他想見到她一樣。as引導的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此處分析句子結構，同時熟知look forward to的用法即可突破。
(2)①to see; seeing②came③get; getting
14. turn up
出席(某活動)(常用于口語);出現(xiàn);找到;把(收音機等的)音量調大一些(其反義短語是turn down)；到場
I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.
我擔保你的手表準有一天能找到。
We invited her to dinner but she didn?t even bother to turn up.我們請她吃飯她都不露面。
I can?t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?
我聽不太清楚收音機,你把聲音調大點行嗎?
聯(lián)想拓展
turn against 反對；背叛
turn down （音量等）調�。痪芙^
turn off 關掉
turn on 打開；發(fā)動
turn out 結果是……；證明是……
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
turn away 走開;轉過臉去;把……打發(fā)走
turn in 進入；交出；上交
turn over 打翻；移交；反復考慮
turn into把……變成……
高手過招
(1)單項填空
He promised to come yesterday，but he hasn’t yet.
(2009?12?浙江寧波檢測)
A. turned in B. turned up
C. turned on D. turned out
(2)用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空 （原創(chuàng)）
①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet.
②It’s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I’m doing my homework.
(3)用turn相關短語的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①Don’t worry. The file is sure to .
②Please the television a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.
③It that it was Tim who broke the vase.
④The sad child his mother for comfort.
解析: (1)選B�？疾槎陶Z辨析。turn in 進入；交出；上交；turn on打開；turn out 結果是……。均不符合句意。turn up 出現(xiàn)。
(2)①up②against③down
(3)①turn up②turn; up③turned out
④turned to
15. keep one?s word
守信用；履行諾言；word意為“諾言”時，是不可數(shù)名詞，不可以用復數(shù)形式，其前面不可以用冠詞修飾。
You should keep your word once you make it.
你一旦許諾就要遵守諾言。
You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.
你答應過要帶孩子們去野營，所以你必須信守諾言。
聯(lián)想拓展
break one?s word 食言
get in a word 插嘴
in a/one word=in short總而言之
in other words 換句話說
word for word 逐詞
have a word with sb.與某人談話
have words with sb. 與某人爭吵
word came that ...有消息傳來…
高手過招
單項填空
She said she wouldn’t do it, and she did keep her .
(2009?12?江西修水檢測)
A. Words B. word C. customs D. apology
解析:選B。句意為：她說她不會做那件事的，她確實履行了她的諾言。keep one?s word 意為“履行諾言”。word意為“諾言”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。
16. set off
出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸
What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?
你打算明天幾點鐘啟程?
The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸彈，殺害了6個人。
聯(lián)想拓展
set off for a place 出發(fā)到某地
set about doing sth.開始（某工作）；著手做某事
set out 從某地出發(fā)上路
set out to do sth.開始做某事
set sth. up 擺放或豎起某物；創(chuàng)立，建立
set sth. aside 將某事物放在一邊；
（為某目的）節(jié)省或保留金錢或時間
set down記下；寫下
高手過招
用set相關短語的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①The new government must finding solutions to the country’s economic problems.
②The children the fireworks in the yard.
③She a bit of money every month.
④They a statue in honour of the national hero.
⑤They’ve on a journey round the world.
答案：①set about②set off③sets aside
④set up⑤set off/out
重點句型
17. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.
（節(jié)日里）整個國度到處是盛開的櫻花,看上去就像是覆蓋了一層粉紅色的雪。
as though/as if 意為“好像”。
聯(lián)想拓展
as though/as if引導方式從句和表語、狀語從句：
①引導方式狀語從句
She acted as though nothing had happened.
她裝得好像什么事也沒發(fā)生過似的。
注意：當從句主語和主句主語一致,且從句謂語中含有動詞be時, 可把主語和be一起省略。
He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.
他四下張望, 好像在尋找什么。
②引導表語從句
It looks as if it’s going to rain.看樣子要下雨了。
③as though和as if從句是用虛擬語氣, 還是用陳述語氣, 完全根據(jù)具體情況而定。如果從句表示的意思與事實完全相反, 或者純粹是一種假設, 通常用虛擬語氣。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
那孩子說話的樣子好像她是個大人。
高手過招
用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)）
①The pencil looks as if it (break) with half of it in the glass of water.
②Li Ming speaks English very well as though he (be) an Englishman.
③It seems as if our team (be) going to win.
④He talks about pyramids as though he (see) them himself.
答案：①were broken②were③is ④had seen
18. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave ...
很明顯，咖啡館里的經(jīng)理在等李方離開……
It was obvious/clear that ...= obviously/ clearly, ... 表示“很明顯……，顯而易見……”。屬于It is/was + adj./n./p.p.+that?clause 結構。
聯(lián)想拓展
It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that+sb. should do 必要的/重要的是/奇怪的/自然的是某人應該……
It is a pity/a shame/no wonder+that+sb. should do
遺憾的是/羞愧的是/難怪某人應該……
It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/ ...+
that ...據(jù)說/判斷/報道/宣布/預計……
It’s suggested/ordered that sb. (should) do建議/要求某人
（做）某事
It?s no harm drinking running water in that area.
在那個地區(qū)喝自來水是無害的。
It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.
很顯然他們沒有和平的誠意。
It is said that the tickets have been sold out. 據(jù)說票已售完。
高手過招
單項填空
used to be thought that the earth was square. (2009?12?江西上饒檢測)
1.He B. What C. It D. That
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