Date:
一、重要詞組或短語
1.continue to the end 堅持到最后
2.take a rest 休息一下
3.wake me up 叫醒我
4.on one’s way back在某人回去的路上
5.Chinese paper cut 中國剪紙
6.dragon dance 舞龍
7.get lost easily 容易迷路
8. the capital of ……的首都
9.be attracted by … 被……吸引
10.the beautiful design of the buildings 建筑群的精美設(shè)計
11.a gate of heavenly peace 天界平安之門
12.be filled with tourists 擠滿游客
13.watch the raising of the national flag 觀看升國旗（儀式）
14.a famous Chinese-stlye garden 一個著名的中國式園林
15.spend the summer 避暑
16.consist of /be made up of 由……組成
17.a man-made lake 一個人工湖
18.all over the area 遍及這個地區(qū)
19.run more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China 橫跨中國北方綿延5000多里
20.one of the wonders of the world 世界幾大奇跡之一
21.exerience its beauty and greatness 體驗它的美和偉大
22.step by step 一步一步地
23.in the south of China 在中國的南部
24.lie on the two sides of Li River 座落在漓江兩岸
25.in different shapes 形態(tài)各異
26.in strange shapes 奇形怪狀
27.see ... with one’s own eyes 親眼所見
28.take a boat trip along Li River 乘船沿漓江游覽
29.be open to the public 向公眾開放
30.at sunrise 在日出時刻
31.get hot and sweaty 又熱又流汗
32.every five minutes 每五分鐘
33.in a hurry 匆忙地
34.leave Japan for other Asian countries 離開日本去亞洲其他國家
35.public transport services 公交設(shè)施
36.wish sb. a nice trip 祝某人旅途愉快
二、重點句子及句型：
1.Beijing is in northern China. 北京在中國的北部。
2.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily. 除非你有地圖，否則你很容易迷路。
3.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here. 明清兩代皇帝以前住在這里。
4.You will be attracted by the beautiful design of the buildings, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past. 你會被建筑群漂亮的設(shè)計，以及過去皇帝們穿過的服裝和用過的家具吸引。
5.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists. 這是世界上最大的廣場，游人如織。
6.Every day many tourists gather here early in the morning so that they can watch the raising of the national flag. 每天，許多游客為了觀看升國旗，一大早就聚集在這里。
7.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area. 它主要是由一座小山和一個人工湖組成，里面到處建有橋、塔和廳堂。
8.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是一道蜿蜒五千公里橫跨中國北方的很長的城墻。
9.You can experience its beauty and greatness although it is very tiring to climb it step by step.雖然一步一步爬上去非常累，但你可以體驗它的美麗和雄偉。
10.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes. 如果你沒有親眼看到它們，就不能想象它們是多么令人驚異。
Notes:
語法講解
Date:
1.although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
1)although相當(dāng)于though, 兩詞都是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：
①Although/Though she’s young, she knows a lot.
=She’s young, but she knows a lot.
盡管她年齡小，她卻懂得很多。
②Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.
=He’s in poor health, but he works hard.
雖然他身體不好，但他還是努力工作。
③I’ll never give up English though it is difficult.
=English is difficult, but I’ll never give it up.
雖然英語很難，但是我不會放棄的。
注意：①連詞although和though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主句前不能再用but，但有時可以用副詞yet或still。
②當(dāng)加強(qiáng)語氣時，我們通常說even though，而不說even although。如：
Although/ Though/ Even though she didn’t understand a word of what he said, she kept smiling. 盡管他的話她聽不懂一個字，她還是一直微笑著。
③though可以用于句末，although則不可以。如：
She knew all her friends would be there, she didn’t want to go, though.
她知道她的所有朋友都會出席，但是她自己不想去。
2) even though意為“即使”、“盡管”、“縱然”，與even if意義相同，也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：
①Even though he’s very nice, I don’t really trust him. 盡管他很好，我并不真正信任他。（事實上“很好” ）
②Even if you are not fond of flowers, you shouldn’t miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜歡花，這次花展你也不應(yīng)錯過。 （假想“不喜歡” ）
③She won’t leave the television set, even though her husband is waiting for his supper.縱使她丈夫在等著吃晚飯，她也不愿意離開電視機(jī)。
④I’ll get there even if I have to sell my watch to get the railway fare.即使我必須賣掉手表去買火車票，我也要到那里去。
注意：讓步狀語從句通常與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用。
2.unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
由于unless具有否定意義，因此它引導(dǎo)的是個否定的條件（如果……不）�？梢园阉醋魇莍f…not的同義表達(dá)手段。如：
①Unless he comes… = If he doesn’t come… 如果他不來……
②Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you don’t work hard, you will fail.
如果你不努力工作，你會失敗的。
注意：unless從句，如同if從句一樣，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。如：
①Unless it rains, we’ll go hiking.如果不下雨，我們將去遠(yuǎn)足。
②Unless he comes, I’ll go instead of him.如果他不來，我將代替他去。
3. so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句
1)so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中通常帶有can, could, may, might, should等情態(tài)動詞，以適用于目的。如：
①They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.
他們拼命地干，想在晚飯前就把工作干完。
②He walked by the side of the road so that he would not be hit by cars.
他在馬路邊行走，以免被車碰了。
注意：（1）so that從句如為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則謂語動詞中多用情態(tài)動詞。
（2）so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換成in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。若從句主語與主句主語一致，還可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同義簡單句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.
= They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper.
= They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper.
= They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper.
2)so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句也可表示結(jié)果，這時so that從句中根據(jù)句意可用或不用情態(tài)動詞。 如：
①They worked very hard so that they finished the work before supper.
他們拼命地干，結(jié)果他們在晚飯前就把工作干完了。
②He got up very late this morning so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，結(jié)果他上學(xué)遲到了。
3)句型so…that…表示“如此……以致于……”，so修飾形容詞或副詞，that引導(dǎo)的從句作狀語，表示結(jié)果。如：
①The question is so difficult that nobody in our class can answer it.這個問題如此難，我們班上誰也答不上來。
②The shoes are so small that I can’t wear them.這雙鞋小得我都穿不上。
③The ice is so thin that you can’t walk on it.冰太薄，你不能在上面走。
④The shirt cost so much that I didn’t want to take it.那件襯衫太貴，因此我沒有買。
Notes:
語言點講解
Date:
1.There are too many hills, and my feet are very tired.
1)too many 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“太多的……”
too much 后接不可數(shù)名詞，表示“太多的……”；too much也可單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于一個代詞，在句中作表語或賓語。too much還可修飾動詞，相當(dāng)于副詞用法，在句中作狀語，表示“過于”，“太多”。
much too 修飾形容詞或副詞，表示“非常，太過”，如：
①There are too many people in the supermarket on Sundays.
每逢星期天，超市里就有大量的人。
②Don’t make too much noise. 別太吵鬧。
③It’s much too hot.今天實在太熱了。
2)tired 通常指人“疲勞”“疲倦”；tiring指“令人疲勞的”，這兩個詞在句中可作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：
①She was tired after a hard day’s work.她辛勞了一天，感到疲倦。
②The work is tiring. It’s tiring work. 這工作很累人。這是累人的活。
注意：He’s tired from the work. 是“這一工作使他很累”之意；而He’s tired of the work.是“他對這一工作感到厭倦了”之意。
2.Although there’s still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.
continue + doing sth./ to do sth./ with sth. 繼續(xù)做某事，如：
①If the pain continues, see your doctor.如果疼痛持續(xù)，你得找醫(yī)生診治。
②He continued working / to work late into the night.
他繼續(xù)工作直至深夜。
③I shall continue with the lessons after the exam.
我會在考試后繼續(xù)上課。
④The next day we continued our journey.第二天我們繼續(xù)旅程。
3.Wake me up on your way back.在你回來的路上叫醒我。
1)wake up 醒來；喚醒，叫醒，弄醒
①The boy wakes up early in the morning.
那孩子早晨醒得早。
②Could you wake me up at 7:00 tomorrow morning, please?
明早7時請你喚醒我好嗎？
2)on one’s way意為“在途中”“在路上”，在使用時它常有以下三種搭配形式：
(1)on one’s way to +地點名詞。如：
①When l saw them, they were on their way to the cinema. 我看見他們時，他們正在去看電影的路上。
(2)on one’s way +地點副詞。如：
①He met an old friend on his way home.
回家的路上他遇見了一位老朋友。
②Oh her way here, she found a bag on the ground.
在來這兒的路上，她在地上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只包。
(3)on one’s way +動詞不定式。如：
On my way to go swimming, I lost my watch.
在我去游泳的路上，我丟了我的手表。
4.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily.
如果你沒有地圖，你很容易迷路。
1)unless 連詞，相當(dāng)于if…not, except if, 意為“如果不，除非”，所引導(dǎo)的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作，如：
①I shall go there unless it rains.
如果不下雨，我將到那里去。
②I will not go unless I hear from him.
如果他不通知我，我就不去。
2)get lost迷路，走丟。get為連系動詞， lost是動詞lose的過去分詞作表語。如：
①He got lost in the snowstorm.=He lost his way in the snowstorm.
他在暴風(fēng)雪中迷了路。
②Their girl got (was) lost in the crowd. = They lost their girl in the crowd.
他們的女兒在人群中走失了。
5.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.
明清兩朝的皇帝們過去就住在這兒。
used to do, be used to doing 和be used to do
1)used to do表示“過去常常做某事”，言外之意就是現(xiàn)在已不再如此，因此沒有現(xiàn)在式，后面總是跟不定式。如：
①It used to be a very rich village.這個村子以前很富。
②We used to help him a lot when he first came here.
他剛來時我們經(jīng)常給他以幫助。
注意：used to構(gòu)成疑問時可借助于助動詞did或直接將used移至主語之前。如：
Did you use to see each other? = Used you to see each other?
你們以前經(jīng)常相互見面嗎？
used to 在構(gòu)成否定時可借助于didn’t，也可直接在used后面加not構(gòu)成。如：
She didn’t use to drink. = She used not to drink.她過去不常喝酒。
2)be used to +名詞或動名詞表示“習(xí)慣于某事或做某事”，這里to為介詞，后面的動詞須用-ing形式，句子的主語通常是“人”。如：
①I’m really not used to such close and wet weather.
我實在不習(xí)慣這樣悶熱且潮濕的天氣。
②His grandparents has been used to living in the country.
他的祖父母已習(xí)慣于生活在農(nóng)村。
注意：連系動詞get, become, grow, seem等可用來代替be, 和used to連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)習(xí)慣的逐漸過程。如：
①You’ll get used to that in time.你很快就會對此習(xí)慣的。
②I’ve become used to such food.我已習(xí)慣吃這樣的食品。
3)be used to 表示“被用來做某事”，這里be used是被動語態(tài)，后面接不定式，主語通常是“物”。如：
This room is used to store rice.這個房間是用來存放稻谷的。
6.The word ‘Tian’anmen’ means ‘a(chǎn) gate of heavenly peace’. “天安門”這個詞意思是“天堂般安寧之門”。
1)mean意為“意思是”“有……的意思”“指的是”。如：
‘What do you mean?’ ‘I mean nothing else.’
“你是什么意思？” “我沒什么別的意思。”新課 標(biāo)第 一網(wǎng)
2)mean后面可接名詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式或that從句，意為“意味著”“就是”。如：
①It means that we can enjoy cleaner air.
那也就是說人們能享受更干凈的空氣了。
②In my opinion, smoking means buying death with money.
在我看來，吸煙就是用錢買死亡。
3)mean常用于一些句型中，如：
①What do you mean by saying so? 你這么說是什么意思？
②What does she mean by that? 她那是什么意思？
4)mean的名詞形式為meaning，意為“意思”“含義”。meaningful是形容詞，意為“有重要意義的”。meaningless也是形容詞，意為“無意義的”。如：
①He looked at me with meaning.他意味深長地看著我。
②What’s the meaning of this? 這是什么意思？
7.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.它是世界上最大的廣場，而且總是充滿了游客。
1)be filled with …= be full of 指狀態(tài)，表示“放滿了……”“裝滿了”，主語常為“物（容器）”。
如：
①The room is filled with everything. 房間里堆滿了一切。
②Their stockings were filled with(= were full of ) Christmas presents(= gifts).
他們的襪子里放滿了圣誕禮物。
8.It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.它是一個建在自然風(fēng)景區(qū)的著名的中國式園林。
…built in …過去分詞短語作定語，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，修飾前面的名詞garden。類似這種表達(dá)的還有：
We live in a place called ( = which/that is called) Gum Tree.我們住在一個叫桉樹村的地方。
There was a man named ( = who/that was named) Joseph and his wife named( = who/that was named) Mary.有個叫約瑟夫的男人，他的妻子叫瑪利亞。
It was the first newspaper sold(= that was sold) on trains in America.
這是美國在火車上銷售的第一份報紙。
Is there anything planned( = that has been planned) for tonight?
今晚有什么活動安排嗎？
What’s the language spoken( = which is spoken) in that area?
這個地區(qū)講的是什么語言？Xkb1.com
There are problems left(= which have been left) over by history.
這些是歷史遺留下來的問題。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed( = who/that was dressed) in green.
突然出現(xiàn)一個穿綠衣服的年輕女子。
9.In the past, the emperors used to spend the summer here.過去，皇帝們經(jīng)常在這兒避暑。
spend度過spend通常用人作主語，除了表示“花錢、時間”之外，還可意為“度過”。如：
Where are you going to spend your holiday? 你打算去哪兒度假？
spend后接時間或錢+on sth.意為“在……上花時間或錢”；
spend后接時間或錢+(in)doing sth.意為“花時間或錢做某事”其中介詞in可以省略。如：
She spends too much money on clothes.她在衣服上花太多的錢。
I spent 200 dollars on this digital cameras.我花了兩百美元買了這部數(shù)碼照相機(jī)。
How much did you spend on this shirt? 你買這件襯衣花了多少錢?
Does he spend much time playing computer games?他花許多時間玩電腦游戲嗎？
cost的主語為事物或形式主語，賓語為金錢或時間等，cost不用于被動語態(tài)。如：
The car cost (him) too much. 這輛小車花了（他）很多錢。
The watch cost me more than one hundred dollars.這塊手表花了我一百多美元。
take的主語多是代替后面動詞不定式的形式主語it, 也可以是人或某項活動，常用句型為It takes/took(sb.)some time to do sth., 意為“花費(fèi)（某人）……的時間做某事”。如：
It took me three days to finish reading the novel.
我用3天時間看完了那本小說。
It takes me over an hour to do my homework every day.
我每天花費(fèi)一個多小時做作業(yè)。
The flight from Shanghai to Los Angeles takes more than fourteen hours.
從上海飛往洛杉磯需要14小時以上。
Pay的主語只能是人，常用 pay(sb.)(some money) for sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“付（某人）錢買某物”。如：
She paid ten yuan for the book. 她花了十元錢買這本書。
I paid him 1,000 dollars for that second-hand car.
我付給他一千美元買那輛二手車。
10.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area.它主要由一座山和一個人工湖組成，整個區(qū)域有一些橋、寶塔和走廊。
consist of sth.相當(dāng)于be made up of 意思為“由……組成”，如：
①The band consists of a singer, two guitarists and a drummer.這支樂隊由一位歌手、兩位吉他手及一位鼓手組成。
②This school consists of an office and some classrooms.這所學(xué)校由一個辦公室和幾間教室組成。
11.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.它是一段長長的城墻，橫穿中國北部，綿延5000多公里。
across, through, over：三者均可作“穿過”“越過”解。但是，across表示動作在某物的表面進(jìn)行；through表示動作在某一事物內(nèi)部進(jìn)行；over表示從某物的上方越過。如：
①Go across the bridge, then you will find the post office. 過了橋，你就會看到郵局。
②Be careful when you go across the road. 過馬路時要小心。
③This road goes through the forest. 這條路穿過森林。
④I can see you through the window.透過窗戶我可以看到你。
⑤Go over the hill and you will find them.
翻過這座小山，你就會找到他們的。
12.It lies on the two sides of Li River.它位于漓江兩岸。
lie意思是“處于某位置”，如：
The hills lie to the north of the town.小鎮(zhèn)的北面有山。
lie, lie, lay三個動詞很容易使人混淆。
lie（說謊）是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式和過去分詞都是lied, 現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。當(dāng)然lie也可以用作名詞，意為“撒謊”。
lie（躺，位于）是不規(guī)則動詞，其過去式為lay，過去分詞為lain，現(xiàn)在分詞為lying。
lay（下蛋，產(chǎn)卵）也是不規(guī)則動詞，其過去式和過去分詞都是laid，現(xiàn)在分詞為laying。如：
①I would never lie to you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會對你撒謊。
②I could tell from her face that she was lying.我能從她臉上判斷出她在撒謊。
③Of course it’s true. I wouldn’t tell you a lie.當(dāng)然它是真是。我不會對你撒謊。
④He found an old man lying on the ground on his way home.在他回家的路上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)一位老人躺在地上。
⑤The hen usually lays an egg every day, but she didn’t lay today.那只母雞通常每天下一個蛋，但今天卻沒下。
13.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes ?? you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape.桂林城四周群山聳立，形態(tài)各異??你可能已經(jīng)看過相關(guān)的一些中國山水畫。
shape和form
in different shapes 表示“形狀各不一樣”。這里要注意介詞in和名詞shape的搭配。如： 新課 標(biāo)第一 網(wǎng)
①M(fèi)y garden is in the shape of a square.我的院子是方形的。
②Now radios are made in many different shapes.現(xiàn)在收音機(jī)制造的形狀各不一樣。
form表示較抽象的“形式”，而shape則強(qiáng)調(diào)具體“形狀”。試比較：
①I don’t like any form of exercise.我不喜歡任何形式的運(yùn)動。
②What’s the shape of the table, round or square?那桌子是什么形狀，圓形的還是方形的？
14.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.
see sb./sth. with one’s own eyes 意為“親眼所見”
hear sth. with one’s own ears 意為“親耳所聞”，如：
①I saw President Hu with my own eyes last year. 去年我親眼見到了胡主席。
②I saw the sing and dancing parade on the street.我在大街上親眼目睹了歌舞游行。
15.You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely. 你可以從汽車站租一輛自行車非常安全地繞城騎行。
hire sth. from sb./sp. 從某人（處）租某物
①We hired a car for the day. 為那天用車我們租了一輛。
②He hired a suit from the shop for the wedding. 為了婚禮他從商店里租了一套禮服。
16.It’s famous for its beautiful mountains and wonderful caves. 它以美麗的山脈和奇妙的溶洞而著名。
1)be famous for = be known (或well-known) for，表示“因……而著名”或“因……而廣為人知”。如：
①Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.
夏威夷是以美麗的海灘而出名。
②France is famous for its fine food and wine.
法國以精美的食物和葡萄酒著名。
③O?Henry was famous for writing short stories.
歐?亨利是以寫短篇小說出名的。
2)be famous as后跟身份或職業(yè)。如：
①O?Henry was famous as a short-story writer.
歐?亨利是以短篇小說家身份出名的。
②Gongli is famous as an actress. 鞏莉是作為女演員而出名的。
17.Although there was a train every five minutes, it was still very crowded.盡管每五分鐘就有一班火車，但仍然很擁擠。
1)every five minutes 意為“每五分鐘”
every +數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“每（隔）多少時間或距離”，指動作發(fā)生的頻率，every在這里不能用each代替。如：
①He goes home every two weeks. 他每兩周回家一次。
②She writes to her parents once every two months.
她每兩月給父母寫一封信（可為她每隔一月……）
注意：（1）這個結(jié)構(gòu)中如果要譯為“每隔……”，在表示時間時，漢語要減一，但在表示距離時，英漢互譯數(shù)字是一致的。如：
There is a tree every three metres.每隔三米有一棵樹。
（2）every other…表示“每隔……”。如：
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