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綜觀近幾年的高考英語閱讀題，盡管推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢，但細(xì)節(jié)仍然占有較大比例，而且已由過去簡單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來考查同學(xué)們對(duì)英語語言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。本文擬就細(xì)節(jié)題的不同類型談?wù)勂浣忸}技巧。
　　
　　一、語義轉(zhuǎn)換題——跳讀查找法
　　
　　這是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。
　　運(yùn)用跳讀查找法時(shí)，同學(xué)們要特別注意試題（包括選項(xiàng)）與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換。根據(jù)近幾年的考題情況來看，現(xiàn)在很少有直接用原文中的句子進(jìn)行考查和測試的，而通常要進(jìn)行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等。請看下面的例子（重慶高考英語試題）：
　　“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program（CBEP），a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.
　　The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze（分析） the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect（建筑師） who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”
　　CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the children’s own standards.
　　1. An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .
　　A. to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher
　　C. to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program
　　2. Who is the designer of the program?
　　A. An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.
　　
　　【解題分析】
　　1.選 D。根據(jù)第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為 D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。
　　2.選 C。根據(jù)第2段中的 ... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選 C。develop 與 design 在此大致同義。

二、生活應(yīng)用題——常識(shí)理解法
　　
　　生活應(yīng)用題要求考生在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合一定的生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷。不過，有趣的是，高考有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些“低級(jí)”常識(shí)判斷題，即無需看懂文章，也可選出最佳答案。請看一個(gè)實(shí)例（全國卷高考英語試題）：
　　A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle；it can be a basket of fun，according to Beth Anaclerio，an Evaston mother of two，ages 4 and 18 months.
　　“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents，and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement. But it really doesn’t have to be that way，”said Anaclerio. Last summer，Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle，a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old，founded a home party-planning business called“A Party in a Basket”. Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning，like choosing the subject or making a cake，while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as mothers，they have created（制作） 10 ready-to-use，home party packages. Everything a family needs to plan a party，except the cake and ice cream，is delivered to the home in a large basket.
　　“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said，“And they’re very interactive（互動(dòng)） and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject. For example，at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”
　　The standard $ 200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitations，gifts，games and prizes，paper goods，a party planner and the like. For more information，call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.
　　1.Which of the following is most likely to be a party planner?
　　 A. B. C.D.
　　
　　【解題分析】
　　先看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（圖形）所表示的意思：選項(xiàng) A 是一個(gè)記事本，左邊寫著 Date，Things to do ...，右邊寫著 People to invite...； 選項(xiàng) B 是一份禮品；選項(xiàng) C 是一張卡片，上面寫著 Happy Birthday；選項(xiàng) D 是一份菜單，上面寫著 Potato soup 3.00...等。聰明的考生，只要注意到題干中的 a party planner，便可排除 B、C 選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)常識(shí)，它們顯然不是 planner（計(jì)劃書）。至于 A、D 兩項(xiàng)到底選哪項(xiàng)呢？兩項(xiàng)都有點(diǎn)像 planner，但仔細(xì)比較一下便可知 A 最佳。a party planner 的意思是“晚會(huì)計(jì)劃書”，根據(jù)常識(shí)，要計(jì)劃一場晚會(huì)，當(dāng)然首先要明確日期（date），還要確定做些什么事（things to do）以及邀請什么人（people to invite）等；而選項(xiàng)D只是一份菜單，它標(biāo)明的只是一些菜的價(jià)格，顯然與 a party planner 不符。