完形填空在高考英語試題中是具有一定難度，得分率相對(duì)較低的一種題型。現(xiàn)總結(jié)歸納一些方法供考生參考。
1. 通讀全文，掌握大意，重視首句，啟示全文
考生首先要通讀全文，了解文章的內(nèi)容、中心思想及文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從整體上感知全文，掌握文中時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及事件。對(duì)于個(gè)別不理解的詞句，只要不影響理解就不要管它。
“完形填空”一般采取首句不設(shè)空的原則，其目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語境，以便對(duì)理解全文有重要的啟示。因此考生要重視并細(xì)讀首句，并據(jù)此來判斷文章的體裁、題材，推測(cè)全文的主旨和大意，推斷故事發(fā)生的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、氣氛等多方面的信息。如2004年全國卷I 這篇完形填空，看了首句It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics(題目)，“The Art of Eating Spaghetti（意大利面條）”caught my eye.后，我們可大體上推斷，這篇文章與寫作文“吃意大利面條”有關(guān)，這樣對(duì)于我們理解全文起到了很關(guān)鍵的作用。
2. 瞻前顧后，通篇考慮，緊扣文章，結(jié)合語法
了解了文章的主旨大意后，我們就可以聯(lián)系上下文，瞻前顧后，運(yùn)用邏輯思維對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析、比較、判斷，選出符合邏輯及情理的選項(xiàng)。選題時(shí)可嘗試從以下幾個(gè)方面考慮：
（1）上下文語境角度考慮
上下文語境包括選擇項(xiàng)與所在句子中的語義聯(lián)系，所在句與周圍句群的關(guān)系，所在句在本段中所起的作用，所在句在整篇短文中所起的作用以及與文章主題思想的關(guān)系等。
例 (2004全國II) 完形填空片斷：（保留原題號(hào)，下同）
Tracy Wong is a well-known Chinese American writer. But her writing 36 was something she picked up by herself. After her first 37 , teaching disabled children, she became a part-time writer for IBM. 38 , writing stories was simply a 39 interest.
36. A. skill B. experience
C. practice D. method
【解析】答案A。本題考查詞義及搭配能力。她的寫作技巧是她自己練出來的。pick up a skill 是練成/學(xué)會(huì)的一種技能，從搭配上看合理。
37. A. duty B. effort
C. job D. task
【解析】答案C。此題考查上下文語境的判斷能力�？蘸蟮膖eaching disabled children 是前面內(nèi)容的同位語，教殘疾兒童是一種工作，且后文“part-time writer”（業(yè)余作家），也說明她有一份工作。
38. A. Instead B. Normally
C. Certainly D. Then
【解析】答案D。結(jié)合上下文根據(jù)詞義，可知答案為D, Then 意為“在當(dāng)時(shí)”。
39. A. general B. deep
C. personal D. lively
【解析】答案C。全句意為：在當(dāng)時(shí)，寫作不過是她的一項(xiàng)個(gè)人興趣（不是工作或謀生的手段）。
（2）從詞匯意義及用法的角度考慮
例 （2004 浙江）完形填空片斷
“It was all his own idea,”says Pat, the wife of California high school football coach Bob Peters. Bob had 36 made a “motherhood contract”- declaring that for 70 days this summer he would 37 the care of their four children and all the housework. 38 he didn't even know how to make coffee when sighed, he was very confident.
36. A. only B. just
C. nearly D. ever
【解析】答案B。本題考查副詞詞義的辨析能力。有上下文知，他還沒有立即履行合同。
37. A. stick to B. set about
C. think about D. take over
【解析】答案D。本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析能力。take over 意為“接管”。
38. A. If B. As
C. Since D. Although
【解析】答案D。本題考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：雖然他在簽合同時(shí)連如何煮咖啡都不知，但他還是很自信。as作“盡管”講時(shí)，從句部分必須是倒裝語序。
（3）邏輯推理、常識(shí)等角度考慮
高考完形填空往往以自身的內(nèi)容提供相對(duì)完整的語篇信息，其間交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)和常識(shí)，當(dāng)對(duì)語言的把握不很準(zhǔn)確時(shí)，可充分利用社會(huì)文化知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)來幫助判斷。
例 （2004 湖北）完形填空片斷
The couple called around to find a tire. No 43 .They decided to let her use their own car. “Here,”Paul said, handling Clay a 44 of keys.
43. A. way B. message
C. success D. luck
【解析】答案D。no luck 為固定短語，意為：“運(yùn)氣不好”，表示沒有找到好的車胎。
44. A. set B. number
C. pair D. chain
【解析】答案A。a set of意為“一副/套/串”，a number of 意為“許多”，a pair of意為“一雙”，chain意為“鎖鏈，鏈條”。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)，應(yīng)為a set of keys（一串鑰匙）。
3. 代入答案，復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)文意，糾正錯(cuò)誤
完成選擇后，要再花一兩分鐘，把所選答案代入空格，復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)文意，驗(yàn)證詞匯、語法是否符合句型結(jié)構(gòu)；句子是否流暢，上下文邏輯關(guān)系是否一致，全文是否緊湊且渾然一體，同時(shí)把自己認(rèn)為錯(cuò)誤的答案改正過來。
完形填空專練
A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor’s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor.
“Frank！” I cried in astonishment. He couldn’t 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine.
My 4 raced back more than thirty years to the 5 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.
7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. Frank West 9 me because he wasn’t 10 , not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. His “12” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and 13 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 14 on her entirely. He needed all the 15 of a baby.
One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 16 nearly everything she owned.
When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. So before we 18 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 19 my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 20 to me was always the same.
1. A. work B. stay
C. live D. expect
2. A. answer B. speak
C. smile D. laugh
3. A. covering B. moving
C. fighting D. pressing
4. A. minds B. memories
C. thoughts D. brains
5. A. better B. dark
C. younger D. old
6. A. cave B. place
C. sight D. scene
7. A. Discussing B. Solving
C. Sharing D. Suffering
8. A. learn from B. talk to
C. help D. know
9. A. needed B. recognized
C. interested D. encouraged
10. A. normal B. common
C. unusual D. quick
11. A. more B. worse
C. fewer D. less
12. A. word B. speech
C. sentence D. language
13. A. not B. no
C. something D. nothing
14. A. fed B. kept
C. lived D. depended
15. A. attention B. control
C. treatment D. management
16. A. lost B. needed
C. destroyed D. left
17. A. troublesome B. unlucky
C. angry D. unpopular
18. A. separated B. went
C. reunited D. returned
19. A. pushed B. tried
C. showed D. measured
20.A. nodding B. greeting
C. meeting D. acting
答案與簡析
1． C 上文的“incurables"表明這位老人是不治之癥患者，當(dāng)然存活的時(shí)間不會(huì)太長。
2． A
3． D 由11空白上下文暗示可知，將37歲的Frank與一個(gè)嬰兒的智力進(jìn)行比較，說明Frank的智力肯定不正常。因先天性智力低下，他不能用語言回答別人的問話，但內(nèi)心有一定的反應(yīng)，因此一見到我便將右腳靠著我的右腳以示問候，第一節(jié)最后一句和最后一小節(jié)的上下文暗示也能說明這一點(diǎn)。
4． B Frank的這一舉動(dòng)使我的記憶一下子回到了30年前。
5． B 下文交待30年前作者的生活，當(dāng)時(shí)他只能住在防空洞中，生活一定很苦，這樣的歲月當(dāng)然是黑暗的歲月。
6． D 作者回憶30年前的生活，頭腦中出現(xiàn)了防空洞的情景。
7． C
8． D 在戰(zhàn)爭問題上由于擁有共同的話題，我們這些防空洞居住者逐漸了解了對(duì)方。
9． C
10． A 一個(gè)37歲的人智力卻不正常，這一現(xiàn)象逐漸吸引了我的注意。
11． D 盡管Frank已經(jīng)37歲，但智力還不如一個(gè)嬰兒。
12． B
13． B 他的講話僅體現(xiàn)了內(nèi)心的快樂和憤怒，沒有更多實(shí)在的內(nèi)容。
14． D
15． A West夫人不得不強(qiáng)壯而又有能力，因?yàn)镕rank完全依靠于她，他需要嬰兒似的全部照料。
16． A 她幾乎失去了一切。
17． B West夫人遭受這么大的損失，我們只好盡力幫助這不幸的一家人。
18． A 19． D
20． B 那天早上臨走前，我站在Frank身邊，將我的右腳靠著Frank 的右腳以便量出他腳的大小，目的是為他買一雙鞋子，哪知Frank將我的這一動(dòng)作看成是問候的表現(xiàn)，從此他就用這一動(dòng)作來問候我，這就有了本文開頭的那種情景。
本文來自：逍遙右腦記憶 http://m.douzifanli.com/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/11564.html
相關(guān)閱讀：高考英語閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題高分策略
如何練習(xí)聽力
高考英語聽力訓(xùn)練要講究策略
談?wù)Z音語調(diào)的魔力和重要性
如何用英語表達(dá)“相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)”