oduLe 6 TheInternetandTelecommunications 學(xué)案 外研版必修1——因特網(wǎng)和電信
核心詞匯
1．Doctors are aiming to_____________(集中)more on prevention than cure.
2．It’s impossible for me to give you a______________(明確的)answer.
3．These exercises are ______________(設(shè)計(jì))to strengthen muscles.
4．The thieves stole a purse____________(包含)
banknotes.
5. ____________(接近)to the papers is restricted to senior management.
6．Always carry a phone with you in case you have a ____________(故障)on the motorway.
7．The main____________(缺點(diǎn))of the material is that it fades in strong sunlight.
8．Now that my sons are becoming more____________ (獨(dú)立)，I have more time for myself.
9．Thomas Edison was a great ____________.He____________a lot of things in his life，and his____________changed the way people lived.(invent)
10. ____________is very important for a country’s progress. So we should educate the students to be able to ____________in the future though the____________process is not easy.(create)
1.Concentrate 2.definite 3.designed 4.containing? 5.Access 6.breakdown 7.disadvantage 8.independent?9.inventor；invented；inventions 10.Creation；create；creative
高頻短語
1．_________________注冊/注銷
2．________________ 由……組成
3．________________ 也
4．________________ 作為……而出名；被稱
為……；叫作……
5．________________ 下降
6．________________ 提出
7．________________ 從那時(shí)起
8．________________ 聚精會(huì)神；集中思想
9．________________ 與……相比
10．________________ 一系列的
1.log on/off 2.consist of 3.as well 4.become known as...5.go down 6e up with 7.from that moment on 8. concentrate on 9pared with 10.a series of
重點(diǎn)句式
1．____________ then became possible for universities ____________ the system ____________.
后各大學(xué)也能使用這一系統(tǒng)。
2．The World Wide Web(the web) is a computer network ____________allows computer users ____________from millions of websites ____________the Internet .
萬維網(wǎng)是一種能夠使電腦用戶通過因特網(wǎng)從眾多網(wǎng)站獲取信息的電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
3．Berners ?Lee made ____________possible for everyone ________________.
貝爾納斯•李使任何人，而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)，使用因特網(wǎng)成為了可能。
4．____________the total population of China ____________the Internet，____________ 45 percent in the USA and 15 percent in Japan.
與美國上網(wǎng)人數(shù)的45%及日本的15%相比，中國總?cè)丝诘?%上網(wǎng)。
5．If you need any help，____________to call us.
如果你需要幫助，馬上給我們打電話。
6．Text messages are _________________a mobile phone, and you can make it ____________ the words that you use.
發(fā)短信比用手機(jī)打電話便宜得多，并且通過縮短你用的詞可以使它更便宜。
1.It；to use；as well 2.that；to access information；via?3.it；to use the Internet，not just universities and the army?4.Two percent of；have access to；compared with?5.don’t hesitate 6.much cheaper than talking on；even cheaper by shortening
知識(shí)詳解
① contain vt. 包含；包括，里面裝有；含有；忍住，抑制
(回歸本P51)A CD?RO is a separate disk that contains lots of information.
CD?RO是一個(gè)包含了很多信息的單獨(dú)的磁盤。
contain oneself自制?
be contained between包含于……間，(夾)在……間?
container n.容器，集裝箱
【歸納】
①(2010年高考陜西卷)any spam e?mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company.
很多垃圾郵包含有計(jì)算機(jī)病毒，它能使一個(gè)公司的整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)閉。
②He was so excited that he could hardly contain himself.
他激動(dòng)得不能自已。
③The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world，which contains a lot of fruit and vegetables.中國飲食被認(rèn)為是世界上最健康的，里面含有大量的水果和蔬菜。
【例句探】
contain，include
(1)contain通常用指某個(gè)容器中盛有某物、裝有某物，還指某種物質(zhì)中含有某成分或含有其他物質(zhì)。指作為組成部分而被“包含”或“容納”在內(nèi)。
(2)include通常表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)。在句中常以sth.included或including sth.形式出現(xiàn)。
【易混辨析】
①How much water does this bottle contain?
②Everyone here，including old people，took part in the fight against the flood.
③You are included among my friends.
【即境活用】
1．He was worried，because he lost his bag________his passport，ID card and a lot of money.
A．included B．including
C．contained D．containing
解析：選D。contain“裝有”，與bag構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用containing.句意：他很擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樗麃G了裝有護(hù)照、身份證和一大筆錢的包。
★2.Little Johnny felt the bag，curious to knohat it____________.
A．collected B．contained
C．loaded D．saved
解析：選B。句意：小Johnny摸了一下袋子，想知道里面裝著什么東西。collect收集，搜集；contain含有，裝有；load裝載；save節(jié)省。
② access n． 接近，通路；接近(或進(jìn)入)的方法，到達(dá)(或進(jìn)入、使用、走訪)的權(quán)利(或機(jī)會(huì))
vt. 存(數(shù)據(jù))；取(數(shù)據(jù))；存�。辉L問；接近，使用
(回歸本P52)．..to access information from millions of websites via the Internet.
……通過因特網(wǎng)從數(shù)以百萬的網(wǎng)站上獲取信息。
access to接近……的機(jī)會(huì)，進(jìn)入……的權(quán)利
have/get/gain/obtain access to 得以接近，得以會(huì)見，得以進(jìn)入
accessible adj. 可到達(dá)的，可進(jìn)入的；可理解的
be accessible to 易接近的；能進(jìn)入的；可以理解的【注意】以上to為介詞，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞。
【歸納】
①Across the world,1.1 billion people have no access to clean drinking water.
全世界有11億人無法獲取干凈的飲用水。
②The only access to that cottage is across the farmland.
到達(dá)農(nóng)舍的唯一通路是穿過農(nóng)田。
③The Internet allows computer users to access information needed from the web.
因特網(wǎng)使得計(jì)算機(jī)用戶可以到網(wǎng)站上去獲取所需信息。
④A manager should be accessible to his staff.
經(jīng)理應(yīng)該讓職員感到平易近人。
【例句探】
3．(2009年高考浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy________to the digital resources of the library.
A．a(chǎn)ccess B．passage
C．way D．a(chǎn)pproach
解析：選A。句意是：這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是用讓學(xué)生更快更容易地使用圖書室的數(shù)據(jù)資。此句要用access構(gòu)成give sb.access to...短語，意為“使某人使用……”。passage通過；通道；approach接近；通道。
【即境活用】
★4.(2009年高考江西卷)Frank put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be________to the kids.
A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．relative
C．a(chǎn)cceptable D．sensitive
解析：選A。句意是：弗蘭克把藥放在了最高層的抽屜中，是為了確保它不被孩子接觸到。此句要用accessible表示“容易取得的；容易接近的”。relative相關(guān)的；acceptable可接受的；sensitive敏感的。
③ design vt.& vi. 設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思；，謀劃
n． ；企圖；設(shè)計(jì)；意圖；構(gòu)思
(回歸本P52) He designed the first “web browser”，which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.
他設(shè)計(jì)了第一個(gè)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器”，可以讓電腦用戶從其他電腦上獲取。
【歸納總結(jié)】
design...for...為……設(shè)計(jì)……；為……擬定……
be designed for.../to do sth. 打算給……用的；目的是……
by design 有意地，故意地
①We have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.
我們設(shè)計(jì)的所有銀行卡都可以讓你的生活更加便捷。
②The laas designed to protect abandoned children.
這項(xiàng)法律旨在保護(hù)被遺棄的兒童。
③This kind of dictionary is designed for English beginners.
這種字典是打算給英語初學(xué)者使用的。
【例句探】
④I don’t knohether they did it by accident or by design.
我不知道他們這樣做是偶然地，還是故意地。
⑤Looking forward to receiving your creative designs!
期待收到大家有創(chuàng)意的設(shè)計(jì)！
5．These exercises are________develop and strengthen muscles，so we all like to do.
A．designed for B．designing to
C．designed to D．designing for
解析：選C。由題干可知design與主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，又因?yàn)閐evelop為動(dòng)詞原形，排除A項(xiàng)，正確答案為C。
【即境活用】
★6.Scientists have developed a new system ________to give a warning seconds before an earthquake.
A．having been designed B．designed
C．to design D．designing
解析：選B。句意是：科學(xué)家們已開發(fā)出一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計(jì)成在地震發(fā)生前幾秒發(fā)出警報(bào)。此句要用過去分詞形式designed作后置定語修飾system，表示“被設(shè)計(jì)用……”。
④ concentrate v． 集中(注意力、思想等)；集中于一點(diǎn)；匯合
(回歸本P54)Concentrate on the good things about the Internet.
關(guān)注網(wǎng)上的好東西。
concentrate on/upon sth.集中精力于/全神貫注于……
concentrate one’s attention/efforts/...on...
把注意力/精力/……集中于……
concentrate oneself on...集中精力于……
concentration n．專心，專注，集中；匯集
with concentration聚精會(huì)神
concentrated adj.專心致志的；緊張的；密集的
【歸納總結(jié)】
①I can’t concentrate on my studies with the football match on.
足球賽在進(jìn)行，我無法專注地學(xué)習(xí)。
②A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
開車時(shí)駕駛員的注意力應(yīng)集中在路上。
③He should concentrate on getting good results in mathematics.
他應(yīng)該集中精力提高數(shù)學(xué)成績。
④(牛津P407)In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles’s reign.
這一節(jié)我將著重講查理王朝的早期統(tǒng)治時(shí)期。
【例句探】
7．As a senior high student，I think you should________your attention on your skills of learning.
A．spend B．pay
C．use D. concentrate
解析：選D�？疾閯�(dòng)詞辨析。spend...on...“花費(fèi)……在……”，不合句意；pay attention后接介詞to而不是on；use無此搭配；concentrate...on...“集中注意力于……”。
【即境活用】
⑤ consist of 由……組成(通常不用進(jìn)行時(shí)及被動(dòng)語態(tài))
(回歸本P52)It consists of millions of pages of data.
它是由幾百萬頁數(shù)據(jù)資料組成的。
【歸納總結(jié)】
① Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不僅有陽光，還有艱難困苦的時(shí)候。
②The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings.
威尼斯的美很大程度上在于城中古建筑物的風(fēng)格。
【例句探】
8．用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空
(1)The true wealth does not consist ________ what we have，but ________ what we are.
答案：in；in
(2)The United Nations Organisation consists ________ over 160 nations.
答案：of
(3)His actions don’t consist ________ his words.
答案：with
【即境活用】
⑥ as well 也；另外，而且
(回歸本P52) It then became possible for universities to use the system as well.
然后，大學(xué)使用這種系統(tǒng)也成為可能。
【歸納總結(jié)】
as well as 意為“和，同”，連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語保持一致；還可表示“和……一樣好”。?as well常用于肯定句句末，表示“還，也”等意思。?may/might as well表示請求、建議，might比may語氣更委婉，意思是“最好，何不，不妨”等。
①We’re going to the cinema tonight，why don’t you come along as well?
我們今晚去看電影，你為什么不一起去？
②Of course，I’ll do some reading for fun，and for knowledge as well.
當(dāng)然，我會(huì)讀些書，為了消遣，也為了獲取知識(shí)。
③(2009年高考重慶卷)Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.
科學(xué)可以成為善的推動(dòng)力，也可以成為惡的推動(dòng)力。
【例句探】
9．________the danger from another attack of earthquake，people had to overcome a shortage of food，drinking water，medicine，clothing and almost everything.
A．As far as B．As well as
C．As bad as D．As much as
解析：選B。句意：人們要克服的困難既包括食物、飲用水、藥品、衣物等短缺，還包括再一次地震的危險(xiǎn)。as well as“除……之外也……”。
【即境活用】
⑦ come up with 提出/想出(計(jì)劃、方案等)；趕上
(回歸本P52)He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.
1989年他在瑞士工作時(shí)，提出了萬維網(wǎng)的構(gòu)想。
come across偶遇，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)?
come true實(shí)現(xiàn)?
come out出版；出?
come about發(fā)生?
come to到(某地)；加起總共；恢復(fù)知覺?come up走近，走上前；上樓，上；(從土中)長出；被提出，被提及?
when it comes to...涉及；談到
【歸納總結(jié)】
①You can always trust him to come up with a solution to any difficult problem.
你可以一直相信他能想出任何難題的解決方法。
②The bus came up with the truck and tried to pass it.
那輛公共汽車趕上了那輛貨車并試圖超過它。
③The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club.
你首先應(yīng)該構(gòu)思一下你的俱樂部大致是什么樣。
【例句探】
10．—Have you________some new ideas?
—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.
A．come about B．come into
C．come up with D．come out with
解析：選C。句意：——你提出了什么新想法嗎？——噢，以后我會(huì)告訴你的。come about發(fā)生；come into進(jìn)入，加入；come up with提出；come out with發(fā)表，公布。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為“提出”，故選C。
【即境活用】
★11.—Don’t bother me.I’m thinking of something.
—I know you want to__________some topics for your project，but you should have a rest first.
A．think B．put up
C．come up with D．turn up
解析：選C。think 后加of/out表示“想出，想到”；put up“舉起，搭起”；come up with“想出，提出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意，可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 Berners?Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet，not just universities and the army.(P52)
貝爾納斯•李讓每個(gè)人都能使用因特網(wǎng)成為可能，而不僅僅是大學(xué)和軍隊(duì)。
【句法分析】 made it possible屬于“make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”，其中的賓補(bǔ)由名詞、形容詞、省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式和過去分詞充當(dāng)。如果賓語是不定式或賓語從句時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，把不定式和賓語從句放到句末。
①We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我們必須使公眾明白應(yīng)該采取措施制止污染。
②I made it a rule to walk 2 kilometers a day.
我固定每天步行兩公里路。
③We thought it wrong that the child should be left alone in the house.
我們認(rèn)為把孩子獨(dú)自一個(gè)人留在家里是不對的。
④I consider it no use quarrelling with him about it.
我認(rèn)為和他爭吵這事情是沒用的。
⑤You must keep it in mind that you are a student and you should obey the school rules.
你一定要記�。耗闶且粋�(gè)學(xué)生，應(yīng)該遵守學(xué)校的規(guī)定。
12．(2010年高考遼寧卷)The fact that she was foreign made__________difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A．so B．much
C．that D．it
解析：選D。句意：她是外國人這個(gè)事實(shí)使她很難在那個(gè)國家找到工作。it作make 的形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語。
【即境活用】
② 【教材原句】 Our English teacher is excellent，but she can’t help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.(P56)
我們的英語老師非常優(yōu)秀，但她不能在50分鐘內(nèi)幫助每一個(gè)人。
【句法分析】 (1)有些表示全體意義的詞與not連用表示部分否定，如代詞all，both以及all，both，whole，every所修飾的名詞詞組，包括every所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞。
(2)有些副詞如altogether，always，entirely，wholly，quite 等，以及含有all，both，whole，every等的副詞詞性的詞組，在句中作狀語，若句中含有not，則本句表示部分否定，而非全部否定。
(3)若句中有none，neither，no，never時(shí)則表示全部否定。
①All that glitters is not gold .[諺]閃光的未必都是金子。
②Both of the sisters don’t like the film.
姐妹倆并非都喜歡這部電影。
③Not everything went well with me.我并非事事都順利。
④The rich men are not always happy.有錢的人并非總是幸福。
⑤None of the books are useful.這些書都沒用。
⑥Neither of them can speak English.
他們倆都不會(huì)講英語。
13．—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like________.
A．both of them B．either of them
C．none of them D．neither of them
解析：選B。句意：——這兩個(gè)電子游戲你更喜歡哪一個(gè)？——實(shí)際上我兩個(gè)都不喜歡。not...either...“兩者都不……”，是全部否定，相當(dāng)于neither；not...both“兩個(gè)并不都是……”，是半否定，不合語境；none指代三者及以上，和第一句中的the two computer games相矛盾；D項(xiàng)意思相反。
【即境活用】
★14.It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which________of the parents spoke the language.
A．none B．neither
C．both D．each
解析：選B。句意：他在這樣一個(gè)家庭里學(xué)習(xí)英語很難，因?yàn)樵谶@個(gè)家庭里父母雙方都不說英語。根據(jù)題干中的the parents，可排除A項(xiàng)(三者或三者以上都不)；C項(xiàng)指“兩者都”；D項(xiàng)指“兩者或兩者以上每個(gè)人/物”，由于C、D兩項(xiàng)都表肯定意思，也被排除。neither指“兩個(gè)都不”。
作指導(dǎo)
并列句
◆什么是并列句
并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句構(gòu)成，這些簡單句通過并列連詞或表并列關(guān)系的副詞連接，有時(shí)也可以用分號連接，它們在整個(gè)句子中的地位是平等的，沒有主從之分，互不依從。
◆主要并列關(guān)系
并列句一般由三種方式連接而成，連詞、連接副詞和分號。一般說，只有當(dāng)兩個(gè)分句之間的關(guān)系比較明確時(shí)，才會(huì)只用分號(不用連詞)連接，而大多數(shù)情況下都需要使用并列連詞或副詞進(jìn)行連接。因此，要正確地表達(dá)出句子之間的并列關(guān)系，就必須熟悉并掌握英語中常見的表示各種并列關(guān)系的連詞和副詞。
英語中主要的并列關(guān)系及常用連詞或副詞參見下表：
關(guān)系常用并列連詞或副詞
并列and，as well as，both...and，not only...but(also)，neither...nor
轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ萣ut，however，whereas，while，yet，still，instead，nevertheless，notwithstanding，on the other hand，not...but，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary
選擇or，nor，or else，otherwise，either...or
遞進(jìn)besides，also，even，moreover，likewise，furthermore，what’s more，in addition
因果for，thus，so，therefore，hence，consequently，accordingly，as a result
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關(guān)系常用并列連詞或副詞
時(shí)間then，meanwhile，subsequently，
afterward，later
解釋that is(to say)，in other words
【佳句選粹】
①We must make great efforts to catch up with others，or we will fall behind the others forever.(選擇關(guān)系)
②She wanted to go to the cinema，but her parents told her not to.(表轉(zhuǎn)折)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由or連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系；第②句由but連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you.(選擇關(guān)系)
②Not_only did he speak more correctly，but_also he spoke more easily.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 以上兩句均屬于并列句。第①句由either...or...連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是選擇關(guān)系；第②句由not only...but also...連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。
【佳句選粹】
①There was no news；nevertheless she went on hoping.(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
②He never went again，nor did he write to apologize.(并列關(guān)系)
【分析】 有些副詞也起連詞作用，可幫助構(gòu)成并列句，第①句由nevertheless連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；第②句由nor連接，兩個(gè)并列分句之間是并列關(guān)系。
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